1. Recognition and use of hand tools

2. Can you name and state typical uses for this marking-out tool? 1 This is a try square. It can be used to mark lines at right angles across from the face side or face edge of a piece of wood, as well as to test pieces of wood, made-up joints and so on for square.

3. Recognition and use of hand tools What about this one? This is a marking knife. It is used in preference to a pencil for accurately marking shoulder lines before cutting with a saw. 2

4. Recognition and use of hand tools Can you describe and state a typical use for these gauges? 3

5. Recognition and use of hand tools 4 A marking gauge is fitted with a steel pin or spur for marking with the grain or across the end grain. A cutting gauge is fitted with a blade in place of the pin to cut a clean line across the face grain. It is also useful for cutting laminate strips, thin wood sections and easing the sides of grooves or rebates. A mortise gauge has two pins – the inner one is adjustable to enable the scoring of parallel lines for mortise and tenon joints.

6. Recognition and use of hand tools Handsaws are used for the preliminary cutting of components to size. Can you name and state typical uses for this one? 5 The ripsaw is the largest – up to 750 mm long with three to six teeth per 25 mm (i.e. three to six teeth per inch, or 3 – 6 TPI in imperial measurements). It is used for cutting along the grain only.

7. Recognition and use of hand tools The crosscut saw is up to 650 mm long with six to eight teeth per 25 mm (TPI). It is mostly used for general-purpose crosscutting to length. 6 How about this one?

8. Recognition and use of hand tools The panel saw is the smallest of the handsaws at around 550 mm in length, with 10 teeth per 25 mm (TPI). It is generally used for cutting up sheet material. And finally, this one?

9. Recognition and use of hand tools Backsaws have their upper edge stiffened with a brass or steel folded strip to prevent twisting or buckling during use. Can you name and state typical uses for this one? 8 250 mm to 350 mm with 10 – 14 teeth per 25 mm (TPI) The tenon saw is used for cutting shoulders of joints, general bench crosscutting and cutting trim on site.

10. Can you name and state typical uses for these? Recognition and use of hand tools The dovetail saw is for cutting dovetails, mouldings and other delicate work. The gents’ saw is for the finest cutting of mouldings and similar. 9 200 mm to 250 mm with 16 – 20 teeth per 25 mm (TPI). 100 mm to 250 mm with up to 32 teeth per 25 mm (TPI).

11. Recognition and use of hand tools Frame saws have a fine replaceable blade in general, which is held in tension by a frame. Can you name and state typical uses for this one? 10 The wooden frame bow saw was traditionally used as a general bench saw. Its blade can rotate in the frame and be used for ripping, crosscutting and cutting curves.

12. And these? Recognition and use of hand tools The metal frame bow saw is really intended for crosscutting carcassing timber, especially when damp as the narrow blade gives less resistance than a handsaw. The coping saw is used to make curved cuts in wood and board material. A fret saw is similar, but has a deeper bowed frame for cutting further from the edge of a piece. 11

13. Recognition and use of hand tools What about these narrow blade saws? The keyhole or padsaw, as its name implies, is mainly used for cutting keyholes and other small shapes and holes, away from the edge of the timber. 12 The compass saw is mainly used for cutting larger shapes or holes, well away from the edge of the material.

14. Recognition and use of hand tools What about this saw? The floorboard saw has teeth that continue around its front end. This is for starting and cutting heading joints when forming access points in existing timber- boarded floors. 13

15. Recognition and use of hand tools Can you name and state typical uses for this plane? 14 The smoothing plane is a finishing plane. It’s the smallest of the bench planes and is used for smoothing up a job and for general cleaning-up work before assembly.

16. Recognition and use of hand tools The jack plane is a middle- sized bench plane, mainly used for reducing timber to the required size. Being an all-round, general-purpose plane, it is ideal for both site and bench work. The try plane is the largest bench plane. Its main use is for straight-edge planing and levelling. 15 How about these?

17. Recognition and use of hand tools And these? 16 This is a bench rebate plane. Its blade extends the full width of the sole for either forming or cleaning up large rebates. This is a corrugated sole bench plane, which creates less friction and is used where resinous timber is regularly encountered.

18. Recognition and use of hand tools What about this specialist plane? 17 This is a block plane, which is used for fine cleaning-up and finishing work (both with the grain and for end grain), as well as for trimming the edges of manufactured boards and plastic laminates.

19. Recognition and use of hand tools This is a shoulder plane. It is used for cleaning up and truing rebates and the end grain shoulders of tenon joints and similar. 18 And this?

20. Recognition and use of hand tools This is a compass plane, which is used to smooth and clean up sawn curves. The cutting assembly is the same as bench planes, but the sole is made from a flexible steel strip, enabling it to be adjusted to fit against internal (concave) or external (convex) curved shapes. 19 And finally, this?