1. Decontamination

2. Decontamination Two Methods Two Methods –Method 1-washing or cleaning 1. Make sure to remove all debris and hair from implements 2. Wash the implement with warm water and soap 3. Clean the implement; should also use a nail brush or stiff bristle brush 4. Make sure the implements are dried with a clean towel –Disinfection Usually immersing the implements in a wet sanitizer Usually immersing the implements in a wet sanitizer

3. Why do we follow these steps?? Why should the implement be free of debris? Why not just place it in the wet sanitizer and let the disinfectant do the work???? Why should the implement be free of debris? Why not just place it in the wet sanitizer and let the disinfectant do the work???? Why should we dry the implement? It’s only going to get wet again in the wet sanitizer??? Why should we dry the implement? It’s only going to get wet again in the wet sanitizer???

4. Well….I will tell you why…. If we place the implement in the wet sanitizer while it is still laden with debris, then the disinfectant will have to work too hard to break through the debris before it gets to the implement and by the time it gets there---it’s conked out! Think of a dishwasher and dirty, grimy dishes!! If we place the implement in the wet sanitizer while it is still laden with debris, then the disinfectant will have to work too hard to break through the debris before it gets to the implement and by the time it gets there---it’s conked out! Think of a dishwasher and dirty, grimy dishes!!

5. What about the water Miss K?? Well the wet sanitizer is made with water, so a little more won’t hurt, right? WRONG! The solution in a wet sanitizer is a fixed ratio and needs to stay that way to work! Well the wet sanitizer is made with water, so a little more won’t hurt, right? WRONG! The solution in a wet sanitizer is a fixed ratio and needs to stay that way to work! –More water equals a weaker, more diluted solution and that equals No Bueno! The efficacy of the solution is dependant upon the correct mixture!

6. 3 ways to clean: Washing with soap and warm water, then scrubbing with a clean and disinfected nail brush Washing with soap and warm water, then scrubbing with a clean and disinfected nail brush Using an ultrasonic unit Using an ultrasonic unit Using a cleaning solvent Using a cleaning solvent –Such as a spray disinfectant on surfaces like a counter-top!

7. Important Tid-bits Disinfecting does not destroy all micro- organisms; especially not spores! Disinfecting does not destroy all micro- organisms; especially not spores! Disinfectants should never be used on the skin Disinfectants should never be used on the skin Any disinfectants used in the salon should carry an EPA-registration number! Any disinfectants used in the salon should carry an EPA-registration number!

10. Method 2 Sterilization Sterilization Most effective measures are high-pressure steam equipment Most effective measures are high-pressure steam equipment –Autoclaves –Completely destroy ALL microbial life Even spores!!!! Even spores!!!! Dry heat Dry heat –Less efficient and require longer periods of time exposed to higher heat….. Should not be used in salons Should not be used in salons

11. Steam Autoclave Autoclave Pouches

12. Steam Autoclaves CDC requires that autoclaves be tested weekly to assure their efficacy; called a spore test! CDC requires that autoclaves be tested weekly to assure their efficacy; called a spore test! –They place test organisms in sealed plastic pouches and ran through a cycle –They then are sent to a laboratory that specializes in autoclave testing

13. Important to Know….. Not every implement or tool can be sterilized therefore, the EPA does not require salons to use them….. Not every implement or tool can be sterilized therefore, the EPA does not require salons to use them….. –With the exception of good ole’ Texas! Yee- Haw!! However, they are a great added tool that every salon should have However, they are a great added tool that every salon should have

14. Choosing Disinfectants Must be EPA registered Must be EPA registered Must have the correct efficacy– the labels will tell you what germs the disinfectant kills! Must have the correct efficacy– the labels will tell you what germs the disinfectant kills! Some Ideal qualities Some Ideal qualities –Bioburden Effectiveness (what is Bioburden?) –Inexpensive –Readily available –Has no odor –Non corrosive

15. Proper Use of Disinfectants On pre-cleaned, non-porous surfaces On pre-cleaned, non-porous surfaces Mix/dilute according to directions Mix/dilute according to directions Know the contact time Know the contact time –For spray and immersion Know whether spray or complete immersion is called for Know whether spray or complete immersion is called for Know when to toss it! Know when to toss it!

16. Hospital Level…… If your implements come in contact with blood, you will need a hospital disinfectant that can kill HIV, TB, and Hepatitis!! If your implements come in contact with blood, you will need a hospital disinfectant that can kill HIV, TB, and Hepatitis!! They must be cleaned 1 st and then completely immersed in the solution!! They must be cleaned 1 st and then completely immersed in the solution!! Always wear gloves….. Always wear gloves…..

17. Types of: Quats- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Quats- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds –Most disinfect in 10 mins –Long term exposure may damage fine steel ( scissors) Phenolics Phenolics –Can be harmful to environment –Can damage rubber and plastic; can cause rust –Should never be used in pedicure tubs or pedi equipment –AVOID SKIN CONTACT Phenols have a very high pH can seriously burn eyes and skin!!!! Phenols have a very high pH can seriously burn eyes and skin!!!! Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide –Only needs to be changed every 14 days –Nontoxic to the skin & environment –They have an AHP formula on the market for pedi spas

18. Cont’d….. Bleach Bleach –5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (household bleach) –Effective as disinfectant in the salon –Can be used for laundry Fumigants- 2 kinds Fumigants- 2 kinds –Formalin tablets Used years ago as fumigants in dry-cabinet sanitizers Used years ago as fumigants in dry-cabinet sanitizers Used before EPA-registered disinfectants came on the market and before they knew that these tablets released formaldehyde gas Used before EPA-registered disinfectants came on the market and before they knew that these tablets released formaldehyde gas –Release of this gas can cause eye, nose, and lung irritation –Glutaraldehyde- dangerous chemical/ don’t use

19. Disinfectant Safety Wear gloves and safety glasses Wear gloves and safety glasses Avoid skin and eye contact Avoid skin and eye contact Add disinfectant to water, not water to disinfectant Add disinfectant to water, not water to disinfectant Use tongs or gloves and a draining basket Use tongs or gloves and a draining basket Carefully weigh and measure…why? Carefully weigh and measure…why? Never pour over skin Never pour over skin

20. Disinfect or Dispose Multiuse---can you name some?? Multiuse---can you name some?? Single-use--- can you name some??? Single-use--- can you name some??? Pourous---can you name some???? Pourous---can you name some???? Remember: When in doubt, toss it out!!!!

21. Electrical Equipment Includes: Clippers, nail drills, etc. Includes: Clippers, nail drills, etc. Must used a disinfectant that is designed for use on these devices Must used a disinfectant that is designed for use on these devices –i.e. The clipper spray Make sure that any contact points that cannot be immersed in liquid disinfectant are thoroughly disinfected according to manufacturer’s directions. Make sure that any contact points that cannot be immersed in liquid disinfectant are thoroughly disinfected according to manufacturer’s directions.

22. Non-Electrical Tools All multi-use tools and implements All multi-use tools and implements –Shears, cuticle nippers, combs, etc…. Mix all disinfectants according to the manufacturer’s instructions Mix all disinfectants according to the manufacturer’s instructions Only a steam autoclave will work at sterilizing implements! Only a steam autoclave will work at sterilizing implements! –Not Ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers –Dry Heat Sanitizers are not effective unless left with high heat for a looong time Remember you may only use disinfectants that are: Remember you may only use disinfectants that are: –EPA registered –Capable of destroying most all bacteria and viral pathogens

23. Work Surfaces All surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected before each client! All surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected before each client! –Counter, sinks, chairs, arm-rests, styling stations, and any surface that touches a client’s skin! –Doorknobs and handles should be cleaned daily to reduce germs!

24. Cleaning Towels, Linens, and Capes Must use clean linens on each client Must use clean linens on each client –Capes, towels, etc. Make sure that they are completely dry! Make sure that they are completely dry! –Or they will grow mildew and bacteria Store in covered or closed containers Store in covered or closed containers Use disposable towels when possible, even in restrooms Use disposable towels when possible, even in restrooms Do Not allow capes to touch client’s skin Do Not allow capes to touch client’s skin –Use disposable neck strips or towels –If the cape does touch the client’s skin, do not use again until the cape has been laundered

27. Jets and Water Intakes Whirlpool JetWater Intake

28. Foot Spas and Pedicure Equipment All equipment that fills with water for a pedicure must be cleaned and disinfected after every pedicure!! All equipment that fills with water for a pedicure must be cleaned and disinfected after every pedicure!! –Whirlpool spas, pipe-less units, foot baths, tubs, sinks, and bowls….. You must also enter the information into a logbook of when you clean it! You must also enter the information into a logbook of when you clean it! –If an inspector comes to your salon, he can and may issue fines for not having a logbook!

29. So what should we use to clean? Chelating soaps also known as chelating detergents Chelating soaps also known as chelating detergents –They work to break down the stubborn films that stay around the tub basins Important for the removal of the scrubs, salts, and masks used in pedicures Important for the removal of the scrubs, salts, and masks used in pedicures –They work in all types of water Well, city, etc. Well, city, etc. –Low-sudsing Important because you can’t have suds all over! Important because you can’t have suds all over! –Specially formulated to work in areas with hard tap water

30. Additives, Powders, and Tablets None can take the place of cleaning None can take the place of cleaning Cannot be used to replace EPA-registered disinfectants Cannot be used to replace EPA-registered disinfectants Water sanitizers can also not be used Water sanitizers can also not be used –I.E. chlorine or bromine –Chloramine T designed for Jacuzzis –Only treat the water REMEMBER: THERE ARE NO SHORTCUTS

31. Disinfecting after each client 1. Put on gloves; drain all water from the basin 2. Scrub all visible residue from the basin with: Clean disinfected brushClean disinfected brush Liquid soapLiquid soap Clean, warm waterClean, warm water 3. Rinse basin with clean, warm water and drain 4. Refill the basin with enough clean water to cover the jets 5. Mix the EPA-registered disinfectant into the water, why? Make sure that the water is filled to the correct amount according to the manufacturer’s directionsMake sure that the water is filled to the correct amount according to the manufacturer’s directions Needs to run through the for 10 mins!Needs to run through the for 10 mins! 6. Drain, rinse with clean water, and wipe the basin dry with clean paper towel 6. Drain, rinse with clean water, and wipe the basin dry with clean paper towel

32. Hand Washing One of THE most important things you can do to prevent germs spreading One of THE most important things you can do to prevent germs spreading Washing the folds of your skin, free edge of the nail plate….. Washing the folds of your skin, free edge of the nail plate….. Wash thoroughly before and after each client/service Wash thoroughly before and after each client/service If a nail service: If a nail service: have the client wash their hands first and clean nails with clean nail brush have the client wash their hands first and clean nails with clean nail brush

33. How to Wash Your Hands Antimicrobial and Antibacterial hand soaps can dry the skin Antimicrobial and Antibacterial hand soaps can dry the skin –There is no evidence to prove they work any better than soap or detergents Avoid using very hot water Avoid using very hot water –This can damage skin Repeated washing can dry out the hands, so use moisturizing hand lotion often Repeated washing can dry out the hands, so use moisturizing hand lotion often

34. Waterless Hand Sanitizers Also known as Antiseptics Also known as Antiseptics Chemical germicides formulated for use on the skin Chemical germicides formulated for use on the skin Regulated by the FDA Regulated by the FDA May contain either alcohol or benzalkonium chloride (less drying to the skin than alcohol) May contain either alcohol or benzalkonium chloride (less drying to the skin than alcohol) –Neither can remove dirt and debris Never use antiseptics to disinfect implements and surfaces Never use antiseptics to disinfect implements and surfaces –Ineffective for disinfection

35. Universal Precautions Standards set out by OSHA—assume that all blood and bodily fluids are infectious! Standards set out by OSHA—assume that all blood and bodily fluids are infectious! We handle it this way because some infected persons show no symptoms, they are asymptomatic We handle it this way because some infected persons show no symptoms, they are asymptomatic Bloodborne pathogens are more difficult to kill than germs that live outside the body Bloodborne pathogens are more difficult to kill than germs that live outside the body OSHA sets these standards to protect you OSHA sets these standards to protect you

36. There has been an Exposure!!!! There has been an exposure!!!

37. Exposure Incident Contact with broken skin, blood, body fluid or another potentially infectious material has taken place!!!!! Contact with broken skin, blood, body fluid or another potentially infectious material has taken place!!!!! 1.Stop the Service 2.Put on Gloves! 3.Stop the bleeding with cotton ball or piece of gauze and apply pressure 4.When the bleeding stops, clean the infected area with an antiseptic wipe. Every salon should and must have a first aid kit! 5.Bandage the cut 6.Clean AND Disinfect your workstation or styling station using EPA registered disinfectant 7.Discard all single-use contaminated objects by double bagging and placing a biohazard sticker on the bag

38. Cont’d 8. Make sure that all tools and implements are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected; completely immerse them in EPA registered disinfectant designed for blood/body fluids OR 10% bleach solution for at least 10mins!! 9. Take off your gloves and seal them in the double bag. Clean and wash your hands. 10. Return to the service and recommend that your client sees a physician if redness, swelling or pain develops