1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Peace Treaty After World War I

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Examine Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a lasting and just peace. Understand how the Treaty of Versailles punished Germany. Explain why many Americans opposed membership in the League of Nations. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People self-determination – the right of a group to decide its own form of government reparations – payments to cover damages Henry Cabot Lodge – a powerful Republican senator who opposed U.S. membership in the League of Nations deport – to forcibly return an immigrant to his or her home country

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After World War I, President Wilson wanted the United States to approve the Treaty of Versailles and join a worldwide peacekeeping organization, the League of Nations. Congress rejected both of these plans. How did the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations disappoint President Wilson?

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Before the war ended, President Wilson had presented a peace plan to Congress. Wilson’s Fourteen Points 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. These points targeted the causes of the war. They included free trade among nations and a reduction of military forces.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Wilson’s Fourteen Points 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. These points addressed territorial issues. Wilson called for self- determination for minority groups in Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Wilson’s Fourteen Points 14. This was Wilson’s most important point. He wanted to set up an international organization to guarantee world peace.

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Wilson presented his plan at a peace conference in Paris attended by the “Big Four.” But the other Allies wanted to punish Germany. The Big Four included Vittorio Orlando of Italy, David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After much debate, the Big Four drafted the Treaty of Versailles. Treaty Terms The German military was limited. Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war. Germany had to pay full reparations to the Allies. Germany lost some territory and colonies.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Wilson opposed the treaty’s harsh demands. He agreed with it because he wanted to form his peacekeeping organization, the League of Nations. On June 28, 1919, German delegates signed the treaty. German anger at the treaty was one cause of World War II.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Other peace treaties applied the principle of self- determination to some of the Central Powers. Austria-Hungary was divided into Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Serbians and other Balkan peoples formed Yugoslavia. Poland declared independence.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The peacemakers did not apply self-determination to non-Europeans. Britain and France divided Germany’s African colonies and the Middle East. Britain Germany’s African Colonies Middle Eastern lands of Ottoman Empire France Residents of these lands felt betrayed.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After the war, Europe’s borders were redrawn. In 1918, Russia gave territory to Germany. The 1919 peace treaties brought more changes.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Wilson’s idea for the League of Nations sparked heated debate in America. The United States must accept its “destiny” to lead the world on a new path. Membership in the League will restrict the United States from acting in its own interest. President WilsonSenator Henry Cabot Lodge

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Wilson lost his battle for the League of Nations. He toured the country to promote his plan. He suffered a massive stroke, but continued to support his plan from his sickbed. In November 1919, the Senate voted to reject the treaty. The absence of the United States crippled the League’s ability to solve worldwide crises in the 1930s.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. An influenza epidemic killed over 500,000 Americans in 1918 and 1919. Peacetime brought high unemployment. In 1919, four million U.S. laborers went on strike. Fear of communism led to the “Red Scare.” Many immigrants were rounded up and deported. The postwar years brought troubles to the United States