1. Democratic politics, religious revival, & reform
Chapter 10

2. Section 1 Focus Question:
How did the democratization of Americans politics contribute to the rise of Andrew Jackson?
Big Picture:
1824—REP’s split
DEM = state’s rights, Whigs= economy

3. Political Democratization
The Age of Jackson
Political Democratization
End voting based on property ownership = more voters
End written ballots
Appointed offices now became elected offices
Political “caucuses”—conferences within political party to nominate presidential candidate vs popular vote

4. The Election of 1824
Jackson won the popular vote but not the majority, so the House of Representatives had to decide
Henry Clay, Speaker of House, influenced them to elect John Quincy Adams
Once in office, Adams appointed Clay as Secretary of State
Jackson’s supporters claimed the two men had a “corrupt bargain

5. The Campaign of 1828

6. Lots of mudslinging

7. What made Jackson a “man of the people?”

9. What are his beliefs about government?

10. Election of 1828 Lots of “mudslinging” during the campaign
Many states were expanding suffrage and the number of voters tripled
Many states no longer required owning property
Jackson was supported by thousands of first time voters

12. Jackson’s status as a war hero made him popular
Love Him
Jackson’s status as a war hero made him popular
The fact that he did not come from a wealthy family helped people relate to him

13. Jackson’s Inaugural Party?
Hate Him
Jackson’s Inaugural Party?
Politicians and elite feared he was unpredictable, stubborn, and too independent
Feared he would give too much power to the common man
People feared the “Reign of King Mob”
I didn’t think he’d invite the people “en masse!”
This is decidedly erroneous!!

14. Power to the People
How did the people gain more power during the Age of Jackson?

15. Any and all government jobs taken and given to friends/supporters
The Spoils System
Any and all government jobs taken and given to friends/supporters
Jackson supported the spoils system by saying
Any “intelligent” person could hold office

16. In the words of one of his supporters “To the victor goes the spoils.”
Used to keep a small group of politicians from controlling the government
In the words of one of his supporters “To the victor goes the spoils.”
To the VICTOR goes the SPOILS!!!

17. Jackson feared the power of the government
Egalitarian
Jackson feared the power of the government
Attacked (sometimes literally) any politician or law he thought was corrupt or dangerous to liberty

18. Did not believe in special privilege for the wealthy
Thought bank favored the rich

19. Vetoes Jackson worked independently of Congress and politicians
Vetoed more acts of Congress than the six previous presidents
Earned himself the nickname “King Andrew I”

21. Tariff Battles Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles.
Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.
Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].
Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY.
The South alone was adamantly against it.
As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff.
They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

22. Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”

23. Nullification What brought about the Nullification Crisis?
Why did South Carolina threaten to secede from the Union?
How did Jackson react to this threat?
What was the result of the nullification crisis?
Tariff of 1828—tax on goods in the North to pay for the military
Could not pay taxes and drove up manufactured prices = BR stopped demanding Cotton
Force Bill—Threatened with military Olive Branch—reduce the Tariff (1833), Sword—South still pays reduced tax
Calhoun (VP) said unconstitutional, South paid b/c feared loosing slavery

24. Section 2 Focus Question:
How did Jackson’s policies and the Panic of 1837 help launch and solidify the Whig party?
Big Picture:
Jackson’s veto will try to end banks.
Problems: no official printed money!

25. PSD: Jackson & Banks Jackson Banks States made void
SC voids taxes = cannot collect their own taxes
Power to pass laws and make laws that are the Supreme Law of the Land
Can’t leave a league and compacts are binding
Rich/powerful bend the acts, every man is entitled loans
Farmers/mechanics/ laborers
Safe & convenient, circulates $, checks local banks, loans
Ensure foreign/domestic trade

26. War on the banks
How did Jackson feel about the banking system?

27. Why did people like or dislike the banks?
Gave loans to rich
Protected money
Managed state banks
Allowed banks to print money
Made it hard for farmers to get loans
All land must be paid in species (gold or silver)
Policies passed by Whigs

28. What types of people liked or disliked the banks?
Merchants, rich
Whigs—party against Jackson
Southern Farmers who had large cash crops
Democrats
Depository Act—passed by D to allow state banks to print paper money
Led to inflation
Locos Focos

29. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.

30. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

31. Biddle vs jackson
Who was Nicholas Biddle & why did Jackson dislike him?
What did Jackson do when Biddle renewed the charter early?
What were the effects of Jackson’s actions?
President of NB, allowed rich to take out loans (speculators)
Vetoed the charter and took the $ and gave to “pet” or state banks
Banks printed too much $ + gave out too many loans = inflation

32. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

33. Election of 1836…panic of 1837 The winner is…
What created the Panic of 1837?
How did Van Buren propose to fix the problems?
Martin Van Buren
“Martin Van Ruin”
Too many banks, loans, notes = inflation, spreading to Europe
Created an independent treasury—Federal government keeps $ in treasury and monitors how much it gives to the states.

34. Results of the Specie Circular
Banknotes loose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

35. Section 3 Focus Question:
What new assumptions about human nature lay behind the religious movements of the period?
Big Picture:
Religious and reform movements attempt to change morals in the U.S.

36. The First Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening
Popular religion
The First Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening
What do you remember?
When
What
who
Where
Why
How
1790’s CT
Revivals spread to frontier states
Second coming of Jesus = repent sins
“Exercises” in tents
Led by ordinary farmers & merchants
Religion was a matter of the heart, not head
Law, order, & morality
Led by Methodists

37. Charles G Finney
1820’s NY
Area of former Puritans “Burned-Over District”
Former lawyer, then minister
Performed revivals in Rochester, NY (Great Harvest)
Created “anxious seat”
Appealed to upper middle class
Women key converters

38. Mormons
Founder: Joseph Smith

39. Background Beliefs The Book of Mormon 1827 Practiced Polygyny
Descendents went to America waiting for Jesus who came and performed miracles
Descendents turn to Natives by god because of conflict
Practiced Polygyny
Polygyny: The practice of a man having more than one wife.
Simple religion understanding
Attracted poor and uneducated
Goal: Convert Indians and escape persecution

40. One of the two documents that was very important to American Republic
Views by others
Went against the bible
One of the two documents that was very important to American Republic

41. By: Jacob Koller, The Stephinator, and Hunter Sullenberger
Unitarians
By: Jacob Koller, The Stephinator, and Hunter Sullenberger

42. Unitarians Formed in the 1800s. Concentrated mainly in New England.
Believed that Jesus Christ was less than fully divine. (Jesus was just an average human)
Believed that human beings could change for the better.
Criticized revivalists and had conflict with them. (revivalists were too emotional)

44. 1 Background
The founder was mother Ann Lee in 1770
came over form England in 1774
created agricultural-artisans societies, called families
2 Beliefs
communal societies separated men and women
no marriages
anti-materialism
separated from the outside
confession of sins
growth through adoption
named for their religions dance
no discrimination
3 reactions
people considered their communities beautiful
admired their architecture, crafts, and furniture.

46. Section 4 Focus Question:
Did the reform movements primarily aim at making Americans more equal or orderly?
Big Picture:
Men & women joined reform movements to improve education, equality, & civil rights.