1. Kingdom: Fungi
Unit 6 Lecture 4

2. Kingdom Fungi aka Kingdom Mycetae eukaryotes [domain Eukarya]
unicellular or multicellular
heterotrophic
saphrophytic
mutualistic
parasitic

3. Kingdom Fungi immobile sexual and asexual reproduction
diverse in color, location, and shape/size
Amillaria mushroom in Mi
most similar in appearance to plants, but similar in DNA to animals

4. Fungus Structure hypha(e) – thread-like strings of nuclei
come from spores
can be tiny to acres large
feeding system [like plant roots]
secrete enzymes to digest materials
hyphae

5. Fungus Structure hypha(e) – thread-like strings of nuclei
can be partitioned with septa(e)
septate / coenocytic
mycelium – group of hyphae
hyphae

6. Fungus Structure hypha(e) – thread-like strings of nuclei
haustorium – tip of parasitic fungi; penetrates host tissue to feed
hyphae

7. Fungus Structure chitin – makes up cell walls of fungi
gives strength and flexibility
hyphae

8. Discuss
What is the difference between the composition of plant cell walls vs that of fungal cell walls?
What two functions can hyphae serve for a fungus?

9. Fungus Structure fruiting body – grows above the soil; produces spores
pileus
scales
fruiting body – grows above the soil; produces spores
in some types, this is the mushroom
pileus – cap
scales – make up cap
hyphae

10. Fungus Structure fruiting body – grows above the soil; produces spores
pileus
scales
lamellae
fruiting body – grows above the soil; produces spores
lamella(e) – gill(s)
annulus – ring
stape - stem
volva – cup
annulus
stape
volva
hyphae

11. Economic Importance medical applications food applications antibiotics
bread
enzymes
wine
other medicines
cheese
mushrooms
yogurt

12. Harm
Though fungi can be extraordinarily beneficial to us and to the ecosystem [decomposers], they can also be harmful
plant damage – “rusts”
toxins in food
diseases

13. Discuss Name two beneficial uses for fungi.
Name one harmful fungus for a human.
Name the most economically important fungus.

14. Symbiosis Lichen fungus + alga most are phylum ascomycota
need light, air, water, & minerals
pioneer species
function as biological indicator

15. Symbiosis Mycorrhizae fungus + plant most are phylum zygomycota
hyphae grow through plant roots
absorb minerals for plant, plant gives fungus organic sugars and amino acids
may help with water retention

16. Symbiosis wood-boring beetles
other plants – orchids cannot germinate w/o fungus

17. Discuss What is the symbiotic partner of a lichen? mycorrhiza?
What does it mean that lichens function as “biological indicators”?
What other organisms can also be “indicators”?

18. Phyla phyla are grouped by the type of spores they create: zygomycota
ascomycota
basidiomycota
deuteromycota

19. Phyla Zygomycota sexual [zygospores] & asexual
zygospore – thick-walled hearty spores which form sexually and last through harsh conditions
coenocytic hyphae [no septa]
most are decomposers [bread mold]

20. Phyla Ascomycota – the sac fungi
largest & most economically important group
sexual [ascospores] & asexual
ascospore – spore which develops in sac-like structure called an ascus
ex: yeast, lichens, morels, blue/green/red/brown molds

21. Phyla Basidiomycota – the club fungi most are saprobes/saphrophytes
sexual [basidiospores] & asexual
basidiospore – develop on gills of mushroom in club-shaped structures called basidia
ex: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf-fungi [on trees], bird’s nest fungi, plant rusts

22. Phyla Deuteromycota – the imperfect fungi asexual reproduction only
useful in making food
cheese, jams, anything “fruit-flavored” for citric acid
ex: Penicillium spp., ringworm, blue stuff in bleu cheese

23. Discuss How are fungal phyla separated? Which phylum reproduces…
using zygospores?
only asexually?
using spores in sacs?
using spores in club-shaped structures?

24. Homework
BDOL 20.1 and BDOL 20.2 worksheet