1. Pre-Cold War Conferences
Yalta
February 1945
Stalin, FDR, and Churchill
Germany into 4 zones
Partition of Berlin
Stalin promises free elections in E. Europe
Soviets would join war in Pacific
Potsdam
July 1945
Truman, Stalin, and Atlee
Trials for top Nazis
Atomic Bomb announced to Soviets
Differences on Eastern Europe

2. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan]
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

3. The Bipolarization of Europe

4. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application
Restoration of the balance of power
Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.
Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]
Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.
Exploitation of tensions in international communism.
Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Yugoslavia]

5. The Marshall Plan

6. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application
Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.
Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.
Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.

7. Truman Doctrine
“I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid, which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.” (Greece and Turkey)

8. The Division of Berlin

9. Berlin Airlift
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10. Berlin Airlift Statistics
Duration: 462 days; June 26, 1948-Sept. 30, 1949.
Flights: 278,228  189,963 U.S., 87,841 British, 424 French.
Miles flown: 134 million (nearly 1 1/2 times distance to sun).
Deaths from crashes: 31 Americans, 39 British, at least 9 Germans.
Busiest 24 hours: April 15-16, 1949; 1,398 flights (one landing almost every minute), 12,940 tons of cargo (equal to 22 trains with 50 railcars each).
Cargo delivered: 2,326,406 tons, two-thirds of it coal.
Candy parachuted: 23 tons.

11. Berlin Wall –

12. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

13. Korean War [ ]
“Dean, we’ve got to stop the sons-of-bitches no matter what.”
- Harry Truman

14. Korean War [ ]
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
“Domino Theory” – Fear that if one country fell to Communism, others around it would as well.

15. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

16. The Cold War at Home

17. HUAC House Committee on Un-American Activities
House Un-American Activities Committee
Investigate possible communist activity
1947 : movie industry
Hollywood had a number of communists
Wanted to rid Hollywood of Communist influence

18. The Hollywood Ten What were they accused of?? How were they affected??
Disloyalty
Being Communist
Exposing moviegoers to Communist propaganda
How were they affected??
Prison
Blacklisted (approx 500 people)

19. Alger Hiss Accused of?? How was he affected?
Spying for the Soviet Union
Passing government documents to the SU
Perjury
How was he affected?
Convicted of perjury and jailed

20. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
What were they accused of?
Spying for the Soviet Union
Passing information about the atomic bomb
How were they affected?
Convicted and executed

21. “McCarthyism” Senator Joseph McCarthy
Needed a winning issue for reelection
Communists in the government
During a speech he claimed to hold a list of 205 Communists in State Dept.
Kept changing number
When challenged he responded with another accusation

22. McCarthy Telegram to Truman