2. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES: 1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3.Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” 4.Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

3. The Division of Berlin

4. Future Solution: Berlin Wall https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szjFKADu 69U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szjFKADu 69U

5. The Bipolarization of Europe

6. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application 1.Restoration of the balance of power 2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power. Encouragement of self- confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion. Exploitation of tensions in international communism. Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan] Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]

7. 3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations. Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences. Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application

8. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

9. Ideological Competition What does this mean? Brainwashing to a certain extent. Massive support for patriotism, nationalism and typical “American activities”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWeZ5SK Xvj8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWeZ5SK Xvj8

10. Timeline Analysis Complete the following handout and corresponding questions. Proceed to define the subsequent list of terms. Due at the end of class.

11. Origins of the Korean War Civil War In Korea Korea, pre-1950.Korea, pre-1950. –Annexed by Japan in 1910, was ruled by Japan until 1945. –Soviets would invade, stay at the 38 th parallel. Korea, 1945 http://www.personal.psu.edu/jyk5052/assign6.html

12. Origins of the Korean War Civil War In Korea June 1950, civil war erupts in Korea.June 1950, civil war erupts in Korea. –Northern Korea overrun by Communist forces stationed in China. –Begins to threaten the more populace southern Korea. Kim Il Sung http://www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/korean-war/kim-il- sung-speaks-at-mass-rally.jpg

13. Korean War [1950-1953]

14. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

15. Video-Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OF_Ts_6 oSi8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OF_Ts_6 oSi8

17. MacArthur & Truman Clash MacArthur Disagrees With The JCS Sends a letter to Congressman Joseph Martin, Republican minority leader. Sends a letter to Congressman Joseph Martin, Republican minority leader. – Says that an offensive was needed to ensure the defeat of communism in Asia. “There is no substitute for victory.” “There is no substitute for victory.” Was a direct challenge to Truman’s foreign policy. Was a direct challenge to Truman’s foreign policy. – The “containment policy” and “limited war” was not working. Truman faces the challenge. Truman faces the challenge. – Warns MacArthur about making public statements that suggests criticism of official U.S. policy. – As Commander-in-Chief, Truman was the boss and MacArthur the worker.

18. MacArthur & Truman Clash MacArthur's Dismissal MacArthur would be dismissed from his command. MacArthur would be dismissed from his command. – Returns home to the states as a hero. – Most Americans see wisdom in his words. – Truman and the Democrats would be viewed as “appeasers” for not trying to destroy communism in Asia when we had a chance. MacArthur’s Dismissal: “Old Soldiers Never Die … They Just Fade Away.” http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Douglas_MacArthur_speaking_at_Soldier_Field_H D-SN-99-03036.JPEG

19. MacArthur & Truman Clash MacArthur Disagrees MacArthur & Truman Meet http://xbradtc.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/macandtruman1.jpg

20. MacArthur & Truman Clash Armistice Stalemate just north of the 38 th parallel. Stalemate just north of the 38 th parallel. Peace talks begin at Panmunjon in July 1951. Peace talks begin at Panmunjon in July 1951. – Originally proposed by the Soviet Union who did not want to see its rival China gain more power in Asia or the United States to have a win. Peace Talks At Panmunjon http://www.tourdmz.com/english/images/05koreawar/simg3-1.jpg

21. MacArthur & Truman Clash Results For The United States Korea stays divided into the 21 st century. Korea stays divided into the 21 st century. – Both sides would brutally suppress political opposition at home. – Rigid control over the lives and liberties of the people in both the North and South. Actual loss for true democratic principles. Actual loss for true democratic principles. The 38 th Parallel http://www.bubblews.com/assets/images/news/98019060_1379895351.jpg

22. PS Analysis Read the following documents and answer the corresponding questions. Due at the end of class.