1. Chapter 11: From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires

2. CH 11 Preview Activity You see pieces of paper/cardboard on the floor
You are divided into 3 teams
You will win by acquiring “territory” – some part of your body must be touching the “territory”
You MAY NOT push, shove or grab one another or move the territory.

3. Round 1 Line up along the sides of the room
All territory is worth 5 points. Only Green team members may occupy the white territory.

4. Round 2
All territory is worth 5 points. Only Red and Green team members may occupy the white territory.

5. Round 3 All territory is worth 5 points
All teams may occupy the white terriotry

6. Round 4 White territory is worth 20 points
All other territory is worth 5 points
All teams may occupy the white territory

7. Round 5 White territory is worth 50 points.
All other territory is worth 5 points
The Red team earns points only if they are the only team to occupy the white territory.
Other teams may lay claim to it if they have at least four team members touching the white territory.
All bets are off – you can do whatever you need to win
Get with your group and create a strategy to win!

8. Round 5 is Canceled
Due to the fact that someone may get hurt!

9. 1. What reasons does the Pope give for fighting for Jerusalem
1. What reasons does the Pope give for fighting for Jerusalem? What arguments does he use to persuade his listeners to go on a Crusade?
2. What reasons does Saladin give for retaking Jerusalem? What arguments does he use to inspire his listeners?
3. What are the similarities and differences between the arguments the Pope and Saladin use to persuade their listeners?
4. What impressions do these speeches give you about the Crusades? What ideas do the speeches give you about the purposes of the people who fought during the Crusades?

10. Preview Debrief How did it feel to play this game?
Green team, how did it feel to occupy the white territory?
Were your plans in Round 5 justified?
Can you think of any time in history when one piece of territory has been considered more important or more desirable than any other and has caused competition and conflict?

11. Read 11.1 on page 119
Crusade – series of religious wars launched against Muslims by European Christians
Purpose was to gain control of Palestine – area between Egypt and Syria – ancient homeland of Jews and where Jesus lived – Holy Land
11th century Palestine came under rule of Muslims – Seljuk Turks
This alarmed the Byzantine emperor and asked Pope Urban II for help – Pope called on Christians to go on a crusade

12. Read 11.1 on page 119
Muslims were not only targets of crusades – Jews were victims too
In this chapter you will:
Read the story of the crusades
Explore the impact of these wars on Christians, Muslims and Jews
Learn how the Muslim empires arose after the crusades and how Islam continued to spread to new parts of the world.

13. PAGE 67 OF YOUR ISN Over Territory Over Jerusalem
Classroom Competition Historic Competition
Over Territory Over Jerusalem
There were three teams in the game.
One piece of Territory was White
Each team developed plans to control all of the white territory.

14. PAGE 67 OF YOUR ISN Over Territory Over Jerusalem
Classroom Competition Historic Competition
Over Territory Over Jerusalem
There were three teams in the game.
One piece of Territory was White
Each team developed plans to control all of the white territory.
Members of three faiths lived in the Holy Land, Jews, Christians and Muslims
One City, Jerusalem, was important to people of all three faiths
European Christians tried to seize control of Jerusalem and the rest of Palestine. This led to a series of religious wars.

15. Page 119 Look at the graphic organizer on page 119 What do you see?
What region does the map show?
Where is Europe?
Where is Jerusalem in relationship to Europe?
How can a map tell a story?
What story might this map tell?

17. 11.2 and 11.3
Read 11.2 and 11.3 and complete page 68 in your ISN

18. Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.

19. Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.

20. Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.

21. Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
4. Safety of Jerusalem and Palestine suffers; pilgrimages are no longer safe.
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.

22. Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
5. Palestine falls to Seljuks. Impossible to travel there safely (robbery, killing)
4. Safety of Jerusalem and Palestine suffers; pilgrimages are no longer safe.
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.

23. Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
6. All events pave way for Crusades. Christians: War will end Muslim expansion.
Jerusalem
5. Palestine falls to Seljuks. Impossible to travel there safely (robbery, killing)
4. Safety of Jerusalem and Palestine suffers; pilgrimages are no longer safe.
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.

24. 11.3 The Story of the Crusades
Response to threat posed by Seljuks
Pope called Christians to help protect the Holy Land – promised entry into Heaven
French speaking nobles organized armies to join the fight – trained knights, townspeople and peasants
Many wore red crosses – many joined for money and trade and to gain estates in the Holy Land

25. 11.3 The First Crusade Four Nobles led the 1st crusade
30,000 crusaders fought through Anatolia to Palestine
June 1098 laid siege to Antioch- Antioch fell to the Christians
Next June (1099) the city surrendered
Victors massacred Muslims and Jews – survivors were sold into slavery
Some crusaders stayed – Palestine, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey

26. 11.3 The Second Crusade ( )
First victory owed to lack of Muslim unity
1144 Muslims captured Edessa, Crusader capital – Christians start 2nd Crusade
Ended in failure
German army beaten
French army – beaten at Damascus and marched home

27. 11.3 The Third Crusade ( )
Muslims began to unite and came under same leadership
Salah al-Din, Called Saladin, formed largest Muslim empire since Seljuks – united Egypt, Syria and lands to the east
Took back most of Palestine -1187
Captured Jerusalem – did not kill prisoners, either sold for ransom or slavery

28. 11.3 The Third Crusade ( )
King Richard I of England led fight against Salah al-Din
Richard captured Palestinian town of Acre
Wanted to exchange prisoners, Richard thought Salah al-Din was taking too long so killed his Muslim prisoners
Signed a peace treaty in 1192

29. 11.3 Later Crusades Continued for 100 years
1212 tens of thousands of peasant children from France and Germany marched in a “Children’s Crusade”
Few reached the Holy Land
None succeeded in recapturing Jerusalem
Muslims gained back land they lost

30. 11.3 Reconquista
Christians launched to retake the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) from Muslims
Christian leaders slowly took Muslim lands from them
By 1248 only a small amount of land remained Muslim
Many Jews and Muslims remained in Christian controlled lands

31. 11.3 Reconquista
1400s Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand wanted to unite Spain
Inquisition – church court
Used against Muslims and Jews
Harsh to people who thought were practicing their old religion
170,000 Jews left Spain – didn’t want to become Catholic
Spain got rid of remaining Muslims and Jews

32. Crusades 1-3
1st
1096-
1099
C.E.
Started by the Christians fearful over Jerusalem.
Christians win, take over Jerusalem.
2nd
1146-
1148
Muslims band together and fight off Christians. Unhappy, they start another one.
Muslims defeat Germans and French into retreat, re-take lands lost in 1st Crusade.

33. Crusades 1-3
3rd
1189-
1192
C.E.
Muslims, banded together again, Europe enraged, begin 3rd Crusade.
After 1192 peace treaty, Christians keep cities along the coast of Palestine. Muslims allow Christian pilgrims to enter Jerusalem. Elements of the 3rd Crusade still present today.

35. 11.4 Christians and the Crusades
Christians suffered terrible effects of the war
Wounded or killed and battles or died from disease or hardship of travel
Economic changes – need to pay for suplies, increased use of money in Europe, knights perform banking functions, Kings started taxing

36. 11.4 Christians and the Crusades
Society – monarchs grew more powerful as nobles and knights left home – helped to end feudalism
Contact with Eastern Cultures – learned about new foods and other goods, dressed in clothes made of muslin – cotton fabric Developed a taste for melons, apricots and other foods Spices

37. 11.5 Muslims and the Crusades
Muslims lost lands and did not gain as much as Christians
Many Muslims lost their lives and Muslim property was destroyed
Gained exposure to new weapons and adopted a standing army
Earned riches from trade
Muslims politically started banding together

38. Historical Symposium on the Crusades
You will be given a group
Each group gets
Preparing for a Historical Symposium on the Crusades handout
Historical Figure
Mask
Each person gets Matrix of Historical Figures
You will use these biographies and to bring to life a prominent crusades-era figure for the symposium

39. Historical Symposium on the Crusades
In your group:
Assign Roles: Public Relations Agent, Actor, Historian, and Production Designer
You may have 1 person doing 2 roles or 2 people filling 1 role depending on how many are in your group
Read the bio information on your character
Use Guided Reading to help you as well

40. 11.6 Jews and the Crusades Jews suffered greatly
Were slaughtered and some became slaves
Worsened the lives of Jews
Murdered whole communities
Destroyed Synagogues and holy books
Tried to make them accept Christianity

41. 11.6 Jews and the Crusades Anti-Semitism – prejudice against Jews
Jews could not hold public office
Their businesses were taken by the Christians
Jews were forced to be segregated and live in crowded neighborhoods called ghettos – walled or gated areas of town

42. DESCRIBE THIS FIGURES CRUSADE EXPERIENCE. WHAT RELIGION IS THIS FIGURE?
Richard I
 Christian. Taxed people heavily. Ruthless and brave. Courage and honor.
Anna Comnena
 Christian. Respected Crusaders as Christians but thought they were dangerous. Wondered if they were truly fighting for God – thought some just wanted wealth, land and glory
Salah al- Din
 Muslim. Leader during Crusades. Organized Muslims – fair and strong leader. Courtesy and militarily skilled

43. DESCRIBE THIS FIGURES CRUSADE EXPERIENCE. WHAT RELIGION IS THIS FIGURE?
Usamah ibn-Munquidh
 Muslim. Respected others for faith in one God but thought it was his duty to fight against them. Wrote a valuable account of the crusades from Muslim point of view.
Elieer ben Nathan
 Jewish. Community destroyed. Jews killed themselves rather than give up religion. Hated crusaders
Eleazar ben Judah
 Jewish. Lived in Germany. Wife and 3 children were killed – preached for love of all humanity but wondered if the Jewish would survive Europe

45. Post-Crusades Expansion Syndrome…
Empire
Founded
Ended
Location (pres.)
Interesting Fact
Mongol
Rule
Mid
1200s
1300s
Persia
Mongolia
China
Arabia
Otto-man
Safavid
Mughal

46. Add as best you can to your map on page 69 ISN!
Mongol Rule
Ottoman Empire

47. Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire

48. 11.7 and 11.8 Questions 1. How large was the Ottoman Empire?
2. What places did the Ottoman Empire conquer?
3. How and why did the Ottomans used millets to rule their empire?
4. Where did the Safavids rule?
5. How were they different from the Ottomans?
6. Where was the Mughal Empire located?
7. Based on your studies in 6th grade, what religious group competed with Islam in India under the Mughals and after?
8. What countries and continents were affected by the spread of Islam by 1700?