1. The Phrase and the Clause
Chapter 4:
Sentence Structure

2. Simple Sentences
Simple Sentence – has one independent clause and no subordinate clause
Note: It may have a compound subject, compound verb or both
Compound Sentence – consists of two or more independent clauses, usually joined by a comma and a connecting word
Note:
Usually joined by a coordinating conjunction
And but so for nor or yet
Generally connects simple sentences
A comma usually comes before the conjunction

3. Complex Sentences
Complex Sentence – contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause
Note:
Usually begin with a word such as…
Who whose which that after as if since when
Can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence – a sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause

4. Review & Practice: Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound-Complex?
Seashells filled Liz’s suitcase and spilled onto the floor.
Simple
Between Asia and Africa lies a land bridge that is known as the Sinai Peninsula.
Complex
Shackleton wanted to be the first man to reach the South Pole, and in 1908, he led a party that came within ninety-seven miles of the pole.
compound-complex

5. Review & Practice: Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound-Complex?
The men escaped the ice in small boats, and they landed on Elephant Island, where they lived in a makeshift camp.
compound-complex
Shackleton and five other men sailed to South Georgia Island, where they sought help from Norwegian whalers.
complex
His first attempts to return to Elephant Island did not succeed, but he finally rescued his crew on August 30, 1916.
compound