1. James Leigh, University of Nicosia
Cultural Geography
James Leigh, University of Nicosia
Tracy Bucco

2. Crowd, http://lbcpastor.wordpress.com/tag/service/
Population Part 2
Crowd,

3. This lecture’s reading
Rubenstein, J. (2005), The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography, Latest Edition, Saddle River, Prentice Hall.
Chapter: Population
Fellman, J. Getis, A. and Getis, J. (2005), Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities, Latest Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill.
Chapter: Populations: World Patterns, Regional Trends

4. Hypothesis: Poorer are less literate and have more children.
GDP / caiita,
Hypothesis: Poorer are less literate and have more children.
Literacy rates,
Fertility rates,

5. World Population Increase
Population growth,

6. Video What are some future population trends?
What are some areas increasing or decreasing in population?
Video – “Alarming Facts about the Population of the World”
(4 minutes)
Then checkout
World Population,

7. Population “doubling time”
Small changes in populations increase have dramatic effects
NIR of:
1.0% doubles population in 70 years
1.4% doubles population in 51 years
2.2% doubles population in 35 years

8. Where is the populations increase?
Mostly LDCs in:
Africa
Asia
Latin America
Middle East
In last decade world population growth:
2/3 in Asia
1/3 divided equally among:
Sub Saharan Africa
NIR,

9. To explain population increase
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing years (~15-49)
World rate is ~3
Rate > 6 in some sub Saharan countries
Rate <2 in ~ every European country
TFR,

10. To explain population increase
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR):
Annual number of deaths of infants < 1 year against the total number of births
Per 1,000
High in poor countries of sub-Saharan Africa
In some LDC exceeds 100 (>10%)
Low in Western Europe
Only <50 (<5%)
Reflects standard of living and medical facilities, and in-country socioeconomic status
IMR,

11. To explain population increase
Life expectancy at birth measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
High in MDCs
Western Europe
Low in LDCs
Sub-Saharan Africa
LE,

12. Young populations
Young populations,

13. Brief review MDCs have: LDCs have: Higher life expectancy
Older populations
Lower rates of:
Natural increase
Crude birth
Total fertility
Infant mortality
LDCs have:
Lower life expectancy
Younger populations
Higher rates of:
Population growth,

14. Demographic Transition
Typical Stages of Process of Development
1. High BR and DR, stable population
2. Rapidly falling DR  population increase, urbanizing
3. BR decline as DR continue to decline  moderation of population increase
4. Low BR and DR  population stability (or decrease)
Influenced by:
Industrial Revolution
Medical Revolution
Wealth
Infrastructure
Social philosophy
DT,

15. Demographic transition
Note post-industrial
(Jordan & Domosh)

16. PP, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid
Population pyramids
Wide base shows large number of children, but rapid narrowing as many die between each age band. The pyramid indicates a population with high BR, high DR and short life expectancy. Typical for poorer countries - little access to birth control, poor environmental factors (e.g. no clean water), minimal health services. Note more females than males in age groups – females live longer.
PP,

17. Comparative Pop’n increase % Switzerland ~ 0.5 Malawi ~ 2.4
Stable
Growing
PP,

18. Obviously declining population in 2050

19. PP, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid
Pyramid types
PP,

20. China’s Changing pyramid
China PP,

21. Canada’s changing pyramid
Canada PP,

22. PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

23. PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

24. PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

25. Pyramid’s historical effects: Germany
(unreferenced)

26. (Unreferenced)

27. World’s aging population

28. LD regions population share
S S Africa – 18%
China – 16
India  – 17
N East/N Africa – 8
Other Asia – 20
Latin America – 9
LD regions population share
(Fellmann)

29. Looming Challenges Overpopulation Old populations
Peak phenomena (scarcity):
Food
Resources
Energy
Commodities
High prices
Declining economic development
Poverty
Climate change
Pollution
Famine / disease
War
Old man,

30. Many visual items are used in the course.
They have been collected in “notes” over several years.
If any items are unreferenced please let us know.
We would be happy to give credits.
James Leigh, University of Nicosia
Tracy Bucco