1. War and British Conquest
Chapter 5

2. Conquest of North America
What is conquest
When we speak of conquest of North America, do we speak of the land or the peoples?
Who are the peoples?

3. Acadia
Acadia was the central location of the War between Britain and France for the Control of North America in North America
Where is Acadia?
Who originally settled here?

4. The Mi’kmaq Acadia was originally home to the Mi’kmaq
They had established a trading partner with the French and allowed the French to settle on their lands
The French settled in salt marshes they drained themselves and the Mi’kmaq did not use this land so it was of no consequence to them

5. Read page 141-143 Did France consider Acadia conquered?
When they drew maps (page 61) did they label Acadia as French or Mi’kmaq territory?
Did the French ever receive a surrender from the Mi’kmaq?
How might have European ethnocentrism and imperialism contributed to this?
Why did France never resolve this issue with the Mi’kmaq?
How would First Nations world views have contributed to this problem?

6. British Conquest of Acadia
France settled Acadia starting in 1604
By the 1700’s many generations of French lived in this area and called themselves Acadians
They has intermarried and become friendly with the Mi’kmaq
Britain won the War of Spanish Succession
In the Treaty of Utrecht signed after the war Britain gained control of Acadia

7. The treaty did not end conflict over Acadia
In 1720 France built the military base at Louisbourg on the Island of Cape Breton
1745 Britain captured Louisbourg
1748 France regains Louisbourg
1749 Britain builds military base at Halifax
One of the worlds largest natural harbors and an excellent site for a military base, most of the coastland of eastern Canada contains few suitable natural harbors

8. 1758 Britain captures Louisbourg during the Seven Year’s war, a war sparked by events in North America
1763 France cedes nearly all it’s claims in North America under the Treaty of Paris

9. If the conquest of Acadia is occurring in the mid 1700’s, which phase of the fur trade does this match?

10. This is happening in: Phase 3 and 4
The establishment of the HBC and the eventual take over of New France and the creation of the North West Fur Trade Company

11. New School Oath
I am a student of St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic School, as such I am loyal. I will always wear my THUNDER uniform, I will always address my classmates as “cohorts” and my teachers as “Revered Ones”. I will not talk unless spoken too, I will not walk unless told too. I will follow all school rules or I will cease to be a member of the school.

12. If you do not recite the new school Oath, You will not be allowed to stay here. You will never be allowed to come back, you will not be allowed to take any of your belongings home with you and you will have to repeat grade 7 at some other school.

13. In 1713 Britain took control of Acadia and told everyone to move
The Acadians refused to move
In 1730 The British required the Acadians to take an oath of neutrality of war should occur in North America
What is an oath?

14. In 1755 war seemed immanent between Britain and France.
Acadia was in a strategic location and would be a major fighting spot in the war so the British required the Acadians to take an Oath of Allegiance
Handout 5-7 on strategic position of Quebec

15. Oath of Allegiance Oath Taken by Acadians 31st May 1768
I do swear, that I will bear faithful and true Allegiance to His Most Sacred Britanick Majesty
King GEORGE the Third, and him will defend to the utmost of my Power against all
traitorous Conspiracies, and all Attempts whatsoever, against his Person, Crown and Dignity.
And I will do my utmost Endeavors to disclose or make known to His Majesty, and his
Successors, all Treasons and traitorous Conspiracies, or any Attempts whatever, which I shall
[know to] be against him, or any of them.
And these Things I do plainly and sincerely promise and swear, according to the express
Words by me spoken, and according to the plain and Common Sense and Understanding of
the same Words, without any Equivocation, mental Evasion, or secret Reservation
whatsoever: And I do make this Acknowledgment and promise heartily, willingly, and truly,
upon the true Faith [of a] Christian.
So Help me G O D.

16. Did the Acadians accept the Oath, which meant that they would have to fight in a war against France?

17. The Acadians refused, some escaped to New France and others hid with the Mi’kmaq
During during “The Great Deportation” Britain captured and shipped Acadians to the 13 Colonies, England or France
This was how French speaking parts of the USA started in Louisiana (Cajun) and French parts of Carolina

18. The Great Deportation
What are the two oaths and the dates of them which the Acadians are asked to accept? P. 148
How do they respond?
What is the result?
What is the name of the event and what years does it take place in?
Explain the significance of the word “Cajun”
Record in your notes.

19. Video

20. Read and Respond
1. What is Lieutenant-Colonel John Wislow’s perspective on the order to deport the Acadians? What words suggest he disagrees with the order?

21. Read and Respond
2. Why do you think he followed the order? What aspects of his identity may have factored into his decision?

22. Read and Respond
3. How would you have acted if you were in his shoes? Why?

23. What factors contributed to Britain’s decision to deport the Acadians?
Conflict and Identity
What factors contributed to Britain’s decision to deport the Acadians?

24. Why did Britain Chose to deport the Acadians?
Acadia would be drawn into the war because of it’s central location
Acadians were descendants of France, spoke French, and were catholic, more in common culturally with France than Britain
In Acadia in 1755, there were Acadian settlers and 6000 British settlers, even though it was in British rule for the past 50 years
The Acadians refused to fight the French
What would the British assume?

25. Seven Year’s War
learn about the 7 years war, and the battle of the Plains of Abraham.
By watching a movie
However, while the movie is on you will be taking notes
to answer the following question

26. take notes during the movie
Which does a better job of providing an adequate account of the Plains of Abraham, the textbook or the movie and why?
TB pages
take notes during the movie
background info
conflict details (who won, casualties)
results of the battle...what did it lead to?

27. Paragraph intro sentence (position statement)
support for your position
concluding sentence

28. Treaty of Paris
England is winning the war but not longer wishes to fight
France has been demolished, can still fight, but not a traditional war
What are they going to agree to stop the fighting?

29. Treaty of Paris
France agreed give up almost all it’s claims to North America
They still “own” 2 islands still off of the coast of Labrador (Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
The rest of North America belonged to Brittan
France also negotiated that Britain not retaliate against French allies in North America and allow the people of New France to practice Catholicism

30. what goes into our chart?

31. Uncertain times
Now have British (protestant) rulers in New France and Acadia
The peoples living there are Catholic peoples of European decent
The First Nations living there are used to interacting with a tolerant group of peoples and have established a coexistence with the French

32. First Nations and the British
Read Pages 159 – 160
answer questions 1-3 on page 160
what should we add to our chart?

33. How would Britain Control New France?
Britain does not want further fighting
How are they going to still dominate New France, but prevent fighting?

34. Royal Proclamation of 1763
Royal set of Laws for New France in 1763 following the attacks of Pontiac
Assimilation of Canadians via:
Establishment of the province of Quebec with a British style government similar to the 13 colonies
governor, and appointed council
elected assembly (took 30 years to happen even though it was promised)
Catholics can not hold government offices

35. Proclamation aimed for peace with First Nations as well
Abolished French civil law
abolished relationships between seigneurs and habitants and taxes (which helped to support the church)
Encouragement of settlers from the 13 colonies to move to Quebec
would not allow settlers to move west into “Indian Territory”
Proclamation aimed for peace with First Nations as well
Identified a proclamation line which outlined “Indian Territory” and not allowing settlement into it

36. what goes into our chart?
look at the map on page 164 and answer the 3 respond questions?

37. Quebec Act of 1774 The 13 colonies are rebelling
conflicts between the British and French were occurring regularly starting in the 1770’s, and the American Revolutionary War started in 1776
The Royal Proclamation was move to force Canadian assimilation, the 13 colonies revolted, would the Canadiens?

38. Quebec Act of 1774
Canadians lived in New France, very few British people did
The Canadiens still had no elected assembly
Britain decided to give Canadiens some rights back in the Quebec Act

39. Quebec Act of 1774 Allowed the Catholic Church to resume operations
Allowed Canadiens to hold government positions after taking oaths of loyalty to Britain
Reinstated French civil law (still in effect today)
Extended the boundaries of Quebec
did not consult First Nations even though they where supposed to according to the Royal Proclamation

40. What do we have to add to our charts?
How important is the Quebec Act in shaping what Canada’s identity is now?????????

41. Pamphlet
Revisiting the Plains of Abraham