1. Ch 17 – Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914 Borrowed from : Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High School https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z hL5DCizj5chttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z hL5DCizj5c (Crash Course)

3. What factors caused the Industrial Revolution to begin in England? Discussion Question

4. Causes of the Industrial Revolution  Favorable natural resources  Agricultural Revolution Population Pressure  Growth of large manufacturing sector Cottage industry (putting-out system)  Huge advantages in world trade Provide necessary capital?  Technological developments  Government support of business

5. Favorable Natural Resources  Coal Production  1750—2.5 million tons  1828—15 million tons Technology  Originally relied upon muscle power  Later helped by animal power and carts on rail  Use of gunpowder  Iron Coke replaced charcoal for smelting iron Better methods for smelting iron

6. Agricultural Revolution  New techniques & practices Enclosure movement Crop rotation Use of horses  New technologies Farmers treat farming as science Jethro Tull’s seed drill Metal farm implements

7. Growth of Manufacturing  Cottage Industry (Putting-out System) Manufacturing of textiles occurred in the home Part-time or full-time work done by families  Women and children helped with production Merchants distributed raw materials to spinners and weavers  Constant shortages of thread led to new ways of spinning cotton

8. Coal Mining in Britain 18001 ton of coal50, 000 miners 185030 tons200, 000 miners 1880300 million tons500, 000 miners 1914250 million tons1, 200, 000 miners

9. Great Britain’s Population Growth 1500- 1850

10. Technological Advancements  Textile Industry Spinning Jenny—1770  1 worker could run 8 spindles instead of 1 Water Frame—1779  Machine for spinning using water power Spinning Mule—1779  Combined spinning jenny & water frame  Rise of factory system Power Loom—1785  Not widely adopted until 1850  Led to riots by hand weavers  Other Inventions Steam Engine—1763  James Watt made steam engines practical for running machinery Cotton Gin—1793  Eli Whitney’s invention increased the available supply of cotton Steamboat—1807  Robert Fulton Locomotive—1814  George Stephenson

11. Clockwise from top left: the spinning jenny, the water frame, the spinning mule, and the power loom

12. Clockwise from top left: the factory system, Watt’s steam engine, and Stephenson’s locomotive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= GYAk5jCTQ3shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v= GYAk5jCTQ3s (Railroads)

13. What were the positive and negative effects of early industrialization? How did Britain’s middle class change during the 19 th century? Bell Ringer - Discussion Question and Key Question #5

14. Government Supports Business  England’s Economic Advantages A central bank Well-developed credit market Government encouraged technological change and free markets  Supported capitalism Labor surplus Builds railroads, canals, and better roads https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= dIuaW9YWqEUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v= dIuaW9YWqEU (Capitalism)

15. Factory System 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers Textile Factory Workers in England

16. Textile Factory Workers

17. Increasing Wealth

18. Urbanization  Effects related to urbanization Urban overcrowding  Poor housing & sanitation  Rising crime rates Suburbanization Government functions shift  Sewer systems  Housing regulations  Police forces https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f KnAJCSGSdk

19. Industrial Manchester

20. Industrial Staffordshire

21. Coalbrookdale by Night

22. Problem of Pollution The Silent Highwayman – 1858Father Thames Introduces His Offspring (Diphtheria, Scrofula, and Cholera) to the Fair City of London

23. The New Industrial City Above: Early 19 th century London by Gustave Dore

25. Changing Labor Conditions  Women & children are majority of laborers by 1816 Paid less Many lived in factory dorms  Work became unpleasant Workers separated from family Punctuality & efficiency stressed Poor working hours & wages, unemployment, & frequent accidents  Labor riots were common Luddites

26. Changing Family Values  Women withdrew from formal jobs New roles in caring for children Moral status improved  Education stressed by middle class families  Children seen as a source of emotional satisfaction

27. Cultural Changes  Rise of Mass Leisure Culture (Middle Class) Widespread advertising creates consumer fads (bicycle) Newspapers become popular Radio and motion pictures Organized sports: baseball, soccer, boxing, horse racing Family vacations for the wealthy and middle class

28. Adjustments to Industrial Life  Demographic Transition Declining birth rates Declining death rates for children Family size decreases  Life expectancy increased Discovery of germs by Louis Pasteur Women began to outlive men Widespread use of vaccines by the 1880s

29. Spread of Industrialization by 1850

30. 2 nd Industrial Revolution  Scientific advances applied to industry Major advances in physics and chemistry  Led by the U.S. and Germany  Thomas Edison introduced electric lighting to New York City in 1882 General Electric and Westinghouse become the first multinational corporations  New business structures: corporations, trusts, and cartels

31. 2 nd Industrial Revolution  Advances in communications Needed by business managers to control their many branches Telegraph (1844) & telephone (1876)  Methods of Mass Production Electric power replaces steam power Henry Ford introduces the assembly line (1913)  New waves of immigration  Global industrialization: Russia, Canada, Mexico, and Japan

32. New York City, 1910

33. Responses to Industrialization  What new forms of government and economies were created?  Were the changes to governments and economies that resulted from the Industrial Revolution positive or negative?

34. Responses to Industrialization  Changes in government functions The “Constitutional Question” settled by 1850 The “Social Question”  Beginning of the welfare state Social insurance (worker’s compensation, unemployment, etc.) Symbolized extension of government  Corresponds with the democratization of the political system

35. Reform Movements  Political Reform Movements Utilitarianism Socialism Communism  The Communist Manifesto (1848)  New Political Parties Socialists Communists  Methodist Church Karl Marx https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3u4EFTwprM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3u4EFTwprM (Capitalism and Socialism) https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=qElx_EyT TKAhttps://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=qElx_EyT TKA (Communism) https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=OBYmeLBWjeI https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=OBYmeLBWjeI (Socialism) https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=uvmz5E75ZI Ahttps://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=uvmz5E75ZI A (Utilitarianism)

36. Labor Reform  Labor unions Unions use collective bargaining and strikes to push for reforms Britain attempted to outlaw labor unions  Reform laws Combination Acts of 1825 – Legalizes labor unions Factory Act of 1833 – Child Labor Mines Act of 1842 – Women and children cannot work underground

37. Democratic Reforms  Great Britain Reform Bill of 1832 Chartist Movement Working class suffrage in 1867 Rural laborers in 1884  United States In 1800 property was requirement to vote All white males could vote by mid-1850s 15 th Amendment (1870)

38. Feminist Movements  Goals Sought legal and economic rights Women’s suffrage  Leadership Middle class women Emmeline Pankhurst Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony  English women gain the right to vote 1918 U.S. in 1920 with the 19 th amendment