1. The Indian Subcontinent Gains Independence Chapter 18 / Section 1

2. A Movement Toward Independence Country that ruled India for years before the end of WWII? Great Britain had suffered enormous costs from the war. Government starts to question imperialism. Acceptable in Post WWII World?

3. Independence Brings Partition to India Amritsar Massacre beginning of end for British in India (1919). Amritsar Massacre beginning of end for British in India (1919). Led to Gandhi’s movement. KNOWN FOR WHAT? Led to Gandhi’s movement. KNOWN FOR WHAT? Two Parties emerge in India vying for power. Two Parties emerge in India vying for power.

5. Independence Brings Partition to India (cont’d) Congress Party, or Indian Congress. Congress Party, or Indian Congress. National Party mostly made up of Hindus. National Party mostly made up of Hindus. India 350 million Hindus. India 350 million Hindus. Muslim League, organization created in India to protect Muslim interests Muslim League, organization created in India to protect Muslim interests India 100 million Muslims. India 100 million Muslims.

6. Independence Brings Partition to India (cont’d) Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League would never accept Indian independence dominated by Hindus. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League would never accept Indian independence dominated by Hindus.

7. Independence Brings Partition to India (cont’d) Violence broke out between the Hindus and Muslims in India. Violence broke out between the Hindus and Muslims in India. Lord Louis Mountbatten, was the last British viceroy of India. Lord Louis Mountbatten, was the last British viceroy of India. Thought way for peace was to split Muslims and Hindus. Thought way for peace was to split Muslims and Hindus. HOW? Partition, meaning? HOW? Partition, meaning? Led to more violence in the region, Summer of 1947. Led to more violence in the region, Summer of 1947.

8. Modern India By August 15, 1947 India was free led by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first independent Prime Minister. By August 15, 1947 India was free led by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first independent Prime Minister. One of Gandhi’s followers. One of Gandhi’s followers. Emphasized: democracy, unity, and economic modernization. Emphasized: democracy, unity, and economic modernization. Biggest issues Kashmir. (Hindu vs. Muslim) Biggest issues Kashmir. (Hindu vs. Muslim)

9. Modern India (cont’d) Upon Nehru’s death in 1964 his daughter Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister. Upon Nehru’s death in 1964 his daughter Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister. While in office she raised production of food grains. While in office she raised production of food grains. However, her successor and son Rajiv Gandhi was accused of corruption and driven from office. However, her successor and son Rajiv Gandhi was accused of corruption and driven from office.

10. Pakistan and Sri Lanka Pakistan: independent in 1947. Pakistan: independent in 1947. Struggle for stability in government. Struggle for stability in government. Benazir Bhutto, twice elected Prime Minister but driven out. Benazir Bhutto, twice elected Prime Minister but driven out. Sri Lanka: also struggles for stability because of different religions in the country. Sri Lanka: also struggles for stability because of different religions in the country.