1. CAHSEE Academic Vocabulary

2. Academic Vocabulary #1  CONTROLLING IMPRESSION  The central impression or idea a writer aims to communicate  EX: Thesis; main idea

3. Academic Vocabulary #2  Essay  A short piece of non-fiction writing with a thesis statement  EX: intro paragraph, 2-3 body paragraphs, concluding paragraph

4. Academic Vocabulary #3  REVISE  To make changes and improve writing based on content, organization, style, and purpose  EX: Rough Draft, Final Draft

5. Academic Vocabulary #4  Evidence  Support for an idea  EX: examples, elaboration

6. Academic Vocabulary #5  Setting  Where and when a story takes place  EX: A rooftop in Dublin during the Civil War (“The Sniper”)

7. Academic Vocabulary #6  Chronological Order  The order, from 1 st to last, in which events take place.  EX: First, I …  Then,… Next… Finally… Finally…

8. Academic Vocabulary #7  Cause & Effect  Organization to show the reasons for and results of something  EX: Mrs. Hyde gets no Diet Coke in the morning, therefore she is grumpy. Students get a 6-page test and fail. Parents yell at kids for failing test. Students get Mrs. Hyde a Diet Coke. Everyone gets an ‘A’.

9. Academic Vocabulary #8  EXTERNAL CONFLICT  A struggle or opposition caused by an outside force  EX: Man v. man (Capulet v. Montague) or Man v. nature (Mrs. Hyde v. The Skunk)

10. Academic Vocabulary #9  Internal Conflict  A struggle within oneself  EX: Fear of heights, being in love with your best friend’s girlfriend

11. Academic Vocabulary #10  Plot  The series of related events that make up a story.  EX: Romeo & Juliet, who are supposed to be sworn enemies, fall in love, get married and die.

12. Academic Vocabulary #11  Exposition  The beginning part of the story that introduces the characters, gives the setting, and introduces the conflict(s).  EX: In “Contents” Clare goes to the movies and the paper flies out the window.

13. Academic Vocabulary #12  Rising Action  This part of the story begins to develop the conflict(s).  Tom is stuck out on the ledge and tries various ways to get to safety.

14. Academic Vocabulary #13  CLIMAX  The most exciting or high point of the story  EX: When Jack saves Rose and sacrifices himself in Titanic

15. Academic Vocabulary #14  Falling Action/Resolution  The end of a story, when the conflict is resolved and loose ends are tied up  EX: They all live happily ever after!

16. Academic Vocabulary #15  PROTAGONIST  The main character in a story.  EX: Timmy Turner, from The Fairly Odd Parents

17. Academic Vocabulary #16  Antagonist  A character who opposes the protagonist’s efforts Example: Scar, from The Lion King Any bad guy or villain in a book or movie

18. Academic Vocabulary #17  Foreshadowing  Hints or clues to the outcome of the action in a story. In The Hunger Games, Peeta picked poison berries, thinking they were edible, and Kat put a couple in her pocket just in case she might need to use them on another contestant later.

19. Academic Vocabulary #18  Flashback  A scene that looks back at events from an earlier time  EX: In The Outsiders, when Ponyboy is dreaming and remembering how things used to be when his parents were around

20. Academic Vocabulary #19  Flash-forward  A scene that jumps ahead to events in the future.  EX: In That’s So Raven, Raven is psychic, so she flashes to future events

21. Academic Vocabulary #20  Theme  An author’s overall message about life or human nature that is revealed in a work of literature.  EX: Good wins over evil (theme of most superhero cartoons)

22. Academic Vocabulary #21  Suspense  The excitement or tension that builds in a story; makes the reader want to know what will happen next.  EX: Wondering when the killer will strike while watching a scary movie.

23. Academic Vocabulary #22  Characterization  The way a writer reveals how characters think, feel, and act  By using actions and dialogue

24. Academic Vocabulary #23  Direct Characterization  The writer describes the characterization directly  EX: Maggie was shy.

25. Academic Vocabulary #24  Indirect Characterization  Readers must figure out the characterization  EX: Maggie would not look up and spoke in a whisper.

26. Academic Vocabulary #25  Dynamic Character  A character who changes in a dramatic way during a story  EX: Tom from “Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket”

27. Academic Vocabulary #26  Static Character  A character who remains the same during a story.  EX: Clare, from “Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket”

28. Academic Vocabulary #27  Stock Character  A one-sided character who represents specific, familiar types  EX: the nutty professor

29. Academic Vocabulary #28  Flat Character  A character with only one or two personality traits  EX: Shaggy from Scooby Doo

30. Academic Vocabulary #29  Round Character  One who is complex, with many personality traits.  EX: Harry Potter, Anakin Skywalker

31. Academic Vocabulary #30  Dramatic Monologue  A long speech made by one character to one or more other characters  Juliet: 'Tybalt is dead, and Romeo--banishèd!' That 'banishèd,' that one word 'banishèd,' Hath slain ten thousand Tybalts.

32. Academic Vocabulary #31  Dialogue  Conversation between characters  “How do you pronounce this name?” (Mama)  “You don’t have to call me by it if you don’t want to” (Dee/Wangero)

33. Academic Vocabulary #32  Soliloquy  A speech given by a character alone  "Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee tonight" (Romeo, in 5,1)

34. Academic Vocabulary #33  Paraphrase  Restating information in your own words approximately the same length as the original  The air was cool and the ground was frozen. =  It was cold outside.

35. Academic Vocabulary #34  Direct Quote  “Most employers require a candidate to have a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field” (Bureau of Labor Statistics).  To use the exact words from a source, giving credit to that source.

36. Academic Vocabulary #35  Summarize  Restating only the main ideas of a source in your own words.  The team gave a valiant effort, but came up short. =  They lost.

37. Academic Vocabulary #36  Elaboration  The addition or extension of ideas to support ideas already presented  In SUTW, the ‘red’ stop/explains support the ‘yellow’ star ideas

38. Academic Vocabulary #37  Parenthetical Citations  Used to document any external sources used within a research report  “Most employers require a candidate to have a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field” (Bureau of Labor Statistics 1).  (Smith 49).

39. Academic Vocabulary #38  Works Cited  A separate page of the research essay that lists sources used within the report. Jones, Nick. How to Become a Photographer. Boston: Little, Brown, & Company, 1993

40. Academic Vocabulary #39  Synthesis or synthesize  The merging of information gathered from more than one source.  Both Brown and Jones state that…..

41. Academic Vocabulary #40  Primary Source  An information source with direct participation with the subject (first hand knowledge)  EX: diaries, letters, autobiographies

42. Academic Vocabulary #41  Secondary Source  An information source by someone who did not participate in or observe the events.  EX: Textbooks, encyclopedias, most newspaper/ magazine articles.

43. Academic Vocabulary #42  POINT OF VIEW  The vantage point, or perspective, from which a writer tells a story.  EX: “I was about to fall asleep when I heard a terrible scream.” ( 1 st person)

44. Academic Vocabulary #43  FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW (or first person narrator)  When the narrator is a character in the story, using the “I” voice  EX: “The next thing I knew, I was waking up in the hospital.”

45. Academic Vocabulary #44  Omniscient point of view  All-knowing narrator; can see into the hearts and minds of more than one character  EX: Startled, he looked down, cocking his head to one side and watching with great interest while the man rattled the blades of grass as he tried to hide himself behind the tree.

46. Academic Vocabulary #45  Third person limited point of view  Narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of one character  As she walked, she realized it was just too quiet.

47. Academic Vocabulary #46  Narrator  The person telling the story  EX: John from “By the Waters of Babylon”

48. Academic Vocabulary #47  Tone  The author’s attitude toward his or her subject, shown through diction and voice  EX: “It is forbidden to go to any of the Dead Places.

49. Academic Vocabulary #48  Credibility  The believability or reliability of the information given  Not credible=John from “By the Waters of Babylon”  Credible=Occupational Outlook Handbook

50. Academic Vocabulary #49  Voice  An author’s special style set up through diction and tone  “Yo baby, what up?”  “Good day. How are you fairing this fine afternoon?”

51. Academic Vocabulary #50  Persona  The voice or character an author chooses to narrate a story  Narrator (1 st or 3 rd person)

52. Academic Vocabulary #51  Motivation  The reasons why a character acts or thinks in a certain way.  EX: In “Cold Equations,” the stowaway is motivated by a desire to see her brother.

53. Academic Vocabulary #52  Figurative Language  Words used in imaginative ways to expand their meaning and impact  “He’s such a dream!”  “The toast jumped out of the toaster.”

54. Academic Vocabulary #53  Simile  A comparison of two unlike things using ‘like’ or ‘as’ or ‘resembles’  Diamond shines brightly like a ray of sunshine!  D=

55. Academic Vocabulary #54  Alliteration  The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words  EX: Sally sells seashells by the seashore

56. Academic Vocabulary #55  Metaphor  A comparison of two unlike things, not using ‘like’ or ‘as’ Douglas is a beautiful rose  D=

57. Academic Vocabulary #56  Personification  Giving human qualities to inhuman things such as animals or objects  “My stapler must have gotten up and walked away!”

58. Academic Vocabulary #57  Parallel Structure  Joining several related ideas in a sentence in a similar way.  EX: At the beach, the girls love tanning, swimming, and talking.

59. Academic Vocabulary #58  Imagery  EX: ( After Apple- Picking) - the rumbling.. of load on load of apples coming in.  Descriptive language that creates vivid “word pictures” to appeal to the senses.

60. Academic Vocabulary #59  Diction  A writer’s careful selection of words to create a desired effect  “A smile crept up on Jonathon’s face as he realized this house was his home.”

61. Academic Vocabulary #60  Connotation  A word’s emotional connections  I may live in a house, but it feels like home!

62. Academic Vocabulary #61  Literal Meaning (aka Denotation)  The precise, dictionary definition of a word or phrase  EX: Chair=piece of furniture to sit on.

63. Academic Vocabulary #62  Interior Monologue  A character’s inner thoughts and feelings.  EX: “I wish I were cool enough to hang out with Cooper and his friends,” the new kid thought sadly.

64. Academic Vocabulary #63  EXPOSITORY  Writing that provides information or explains something about a topic  EX: a science textbook, a cookbook, an essay about 3 causes of the Civil War.  Just the facts!

65. Academic Vocabulary #64  SENTENCE STRUCTURE (aka SYNTAX)  The way words are put together to create a writing style.  Ice melts.  The ice melts quickly.  The ice on the river melts quickly under the warm March sun.  Lying exposed without its blanket of snow, the ice on the river melts quickly under the warm March sun.

66. Academic Vocabulary #65  Consumer Documents  Texts that provide information about products and services.  Car warranty  Directions on how to assemble a bookshelf

67. Academic Vocabulary #66  Workplace Documents  Documents used in the workplace to communicate information.  EX: contracts, business letters, emails, memos

68. Academic Vocabulary #67  Public Documents  Documents that inform the public  EX: Newspapers, bus schedules, government regulations

69. Academic Vocabulary #68  Technical Documents  Documents used to explain procedures for using technology.  Windows for Dummies  Instruction booklets

70. Academic Vocabulary #69  Functional Documents  Any documents prepared for a specific function.  EX: Consumer, public, workplace, and technical documents.

71. Academic Vocabulary #70  Boldface  Dark, heavy type. I like to put important words in boldface type.

72. Academic Vocabulary #71  Format  The design of a document  EX: bullet points, numbering, headings, margins

73. Academic Vocabulary #72  Graphics  Visual elements that add to the text  EX: art, photos, drawings, diagrams

74. Academic Vocabulary #73  Header  A label or heading that begins a section of a document.  Before You Read –Terms to Know:

75. Academic Vocabulary #74  Point-by-point Sequence  A sequence that lists items in no particular order.  EX: our list of academic vocabulary terms  Tone  Symbol  Irony

76. Academic Vocabulary #75  Step-by-step sequence  A sequence that tells you what to do first, second, third, and so on.  EX: a recipe 1.Get out ingredients 2.Mix butter and sugar

77. Academic Vocabulary #76  Situational Irony  When you expect one thing to happen, but something totally different occurs  EX: You expect to get presents at Christmas, and you end up with coal in your stocking

78. Academic Vocabulary #77  Verbal Irony  When you say one thing, but mean something totally different  EX: “You’re my Favorite class!”

79. Academic Vocabulary #78  Dramatic Irony  When the reader or audience knows something that a character does not know  EX: Romeo & Juliet

80. Academic Vocabulary #79  Ambiguity  An uncertain interpretation; lack of precise meaning; unclear  “The Lady or the Tiger?”

81. Academic Vocabulary #80  Objective Writing  When a writer includes only the facts  Encyclopedia articles

82. Academic Vocabulary #81  Subjective Writing  When the writer adds his/her opinions, judgments, feelings  R.M.S. Titanic: “She was a deadly reality, this ghastly thing.”

83. Academic Vocabulary #82  Tragedy  A play with tragic events that usually end in death  EX: Romeo & Juliet, Julius Caesar

84. Academic Vocabulary #83  Acts/Scenes  Plays are divided into sections, or acts; acts are divided into shorter sections, or scenes  Ex: Act I, scene i

85. Academic Vocabulary #84  Drama  Literature in play form, meant to be acted for an audience  Julius Caesar

86. Academic Vocabulary #85  Foil  A character that serves to contrast the traits of the main character  Brutus and Cassius

87. Academic Vocabulary #86  Comedy  A play with humorous events that ends happily  Midsummer Night’s Dream

88. Academic Vocabulary #87  Aside  A short speech, delivered to the audience or to another character, that others onstage are not supposed to hear.  Trebonius: “..so near will I be that your best friends will wish I had been further.”

89. Academic Vocabulary #88  Tragic Hero  An admirable figure who has a personal failing that leads to his or her downfall.  EX: Caesar? Brutus?

90. Academic Vocabulary #89  Tragic Flaw  A failing that leads a character to make choices that result in tragedy.  Caesar’s ego?

91. Academic Vocabulary #90  ANTONYMS  Words that have the opposite or nearly opposite meanings.  EX: Hot/Cold Big/SmallDark/Light

92. Academic Vocabulary #91  PERSUASIVE  An essay or speech that seeks to persuade/convince others to do or believe something  EX: MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech

93. Academic Vocabulary #92  ARGUMENT  A series of statements designed to persuade readers to accept a claim or opinion  EX: any television ad or radio commercial. –“You’re in good hands with Allstate!”

94. Academic Vocabulary #93  Drafting  Writing in its initial/beginning stages  EX: 1 st draft, 2 nd draft, Final Draft

95. Academic Vocabulary #94  ORGANIZATION  The arrangement of ideas and information  EX: outline, SUTW format I. Literary Terms A. Foreshadowing 1. Hints or clues B. Flashback

96. Academic Vocabulary #95  Anecdote  A very brief, often witty story that makes a point  EX: The anecdote of Hyde being sprayed by a skunk to illustrate conflict

97. Academic Vocabulary #96  Idiom  A special expression that is not meant to be taken literally  EX: It’s raining cats and dogs!

98. Academic Vocabulary #97  MOOD  A story’s atmosphere or the feeling it evokes in the reader  “Her species must be eradicated..”

99. Academic Vocabulary #98  Allegory  A story where characters and settings stand for moral qualities or ideas.  EX: Animal Farm

100. Academic Vocabulary #99  Symbolism  When one thing represents something else  Lion=royalty or fearlessness  Owl=wisdom or bad luck

101. Academic Vocabulary #100  Compare/Contrast  a way writers organize text when they need to compare how things are alike and contrast how they are different.  Compare/contrast text structure is most commonly found in nonfiction, informational texts, textbooks, and newspaper articles.

102. Academic Vocabulary #101  Problem/Solution  Sets up an issue or problem and then presents a solution or answer  America suffered various setbacks under the Articles of Confederation. They soon realized a new form of government was necessary for the success of the states. The United States Constitution was created, a president was elected, and a supreme court and representative congress were formed.