1. Westward Expansion and the American Indians Chapter 5 Section 1

2. "Do not misunderstand me [and] my affection for the land. I never said the land was mine to do with as I chose. The one who has the right to dispose of it is the one who has created it. I claim a right to live on my land, and accord you the privilege to live on yours. The earth is the mother of all people and all people should have equal rights upon it. “You might as well expect the rivers to run backward as that any man who was born a free man should be contented when penned up and denied liberty to go where he pleases...” -Chief Joseph

3. Who is Chief Joseph? Nez Perces group fled to Canada banished to Oklahoma, DC to lobby for mercy What point is Chief Joseph making about Indian ownership of the land? How did the white man's use of land differ from the Indian's use of land? How did the white man's view of land ownership differ from the Indian's view? Do Native Americans own land today? Do you agree with Chief Joseph's view of land ownership?

5. Background 1787- Sole power for regulating trade with Native Americans went to federal government. 1830-Native Americans resettle west of Mississippi Pressure from white settlers!

8. Diverse Cultures Pacific Northwest: Klamaths Chinooks Shastas Fish and forest animals

9. Diverse Cultures (cont.) Farther south small bands of hunter gatherers struggled to exist on: Small game Insects Berries Acorns and roots

10. Diverse Cultures (cont.) New Mexico/Arizona: Pueblos Irrigated land for: Corn, squash, beans Adobe homes Navajos Mud homes, hogans

14. Diverse Cultures (cont.) Plains Indians *most numerous Sioux Blackfeet Crows Cheyenne Comanches Expert horseman and hunters BUFFALO!!- lodging, clothing, food and tools.

15. View of Nature Native Americans White people They were part of nature, sacred Nature was a resource to produce wealth

16. Threatened by Advancing Settlers President Jackson- moved Cherokee to Great Plains Native Americans welcome to Great American Desert Why? Staggering Blows to Natives Reservations Disease Buffalo

17. New Settlers and Native Americans Clash Rebellion Sioux vs Minnesota Sand Creek Massacre Peace Plan? Fort Laramie Treaty Bureau of Indian Affairs- set up to distribute adequate land/supplies

18. End of the Indian Wars Red River War- BUFFALO Battle of Little Big Horn - GOLD Black Hills Gold Rush (1875) Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull vs. General Custer

19. End of the Indian Wars (cont.) Wounded Knee- Ghost Dance (goal was to banish white settlers and restore buffalo to the Plains) Sitting Bull arrest ordered/killed

20. Government Promotes Assimilation Reservation policy= failure Assimilation- adopting the main culture of a society Buffalo extinction? Dawes Act