1. The Powers of the President 1. Expressed Powers - Constitutional Powers - Have a basis in the Constitution (Example: grant pardons) - Statutory Powers - Established by Congressional law or statute (Example: declare national emergencies)

2. The Powers of the President 2. INHERENT POWERS - depend on statements “executive power shall be vested in a president” and “take care that the laws be faithfully executed” (Example – emergency powers invoked by the president during times of war )

3. Powers of the President Alone Commander in Chief Commission officers of the armed forces Grant reprieves and pardons Convene Congress in special sessions Receive ambassadors “Take care that the laws be faithfully executed” Wield executive power Appoint officials

4. Powers of the President that are Shared with the Senate Make treaties Appoint ambassadors, judges, and high officials

5. Powers of the President that are Shared with Congress Approve legislation

6. Ceremonial Duties as Head of State Examples Decorating war heroes Throwing out the first ball to open baseball season Receiving visiting heads of state at the White House Going on official visits to other countries Represent the country in times of national mourning (after 9/11, the Columbia disaster, Hurricane Katrina, etc.)

7. Executive Orders – the President’s Legislative Power Have the force of law Can enforce legislative statutes, enforce the Constitution or treaties with foreign nations, and/or establish rules and practices of executive administrative agencies Only requirement: must be published in The Federal Register

8. The Power to Persuade President can use the office’s national constituency and ceremonial duties to enlarge his power Tries to transform popularity into congressional support for programs But popularity affected by factors outside the president’s control, so not always easy Popularity always highest after an election and declines by midterm Graph in textbook pages 392-393

9. The Power to Say No Veto Veto message sent within ten days of bill’s passage Pocket veto an option No more line-item veto Executive Privilege Confidential communications between the president and advisers need not be disclosed Impoundment of funds Presidential refusal to spend funds appropriated by Congress