1. Ancient Rome

2. A) Geography Mediterranean Sea Alps Mountains Italian Peninsula Shaped like a boot!

3. B) Roman Mythology Based on the Greek polytheistic religion Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.

4. Roman Gods and Goddesses: Jupiter– King of the Gods, thunder and the sky. Juno– Queen of the Gods, the Patron goddess of Rome

5. Gods and Goddesses: Apollo– God of sun and music Diana– Goddess of the Moon and Hunting Minerva– Goddess of Wisdom/War Venus– Goddess of Love

6. ANCIENT ROME: SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CITIZENSHIP

7. The Roman Republic, 509 BC- 27 BC 1.Rome had a Republic and a Representative Democracy People had the power b/c they elected people to vote for them!

8. Social Structure in the Roman Republic Top Class– Patricians Powerful Nobility (few in number) Plebians– Peasants and craftsmen; had to work! Slaves– Did most of the work; Not based on race

9. Citizenship: Who Could Vote?? Patrician and Plebeian Men Some Foreigners (allowed to be citizens) Unlike the Greek civilization Women and slaves, uh no! Rights and responsibilities of citizenship Taxes Military service

10. THE PUNIC WARS: ROME V. CARTHAGE

11. Who was Carthage? Carthage was a Phoenician city, located in Northern Africa Hannibal used elephants to invade Italy; Rome wins! Expands trade

12. The Rise of the Roman Empire (duh duh duh…)

13. Why’d the Roman Republic Fall? 1.Growth of Rome– Defeated Carthage, now they’re on the map! 2.Civil Wars which Julius Caesar wins (named Dictator for life) 3.Inflation (money’s not worth as much) 4.Slavery (makes things unstable) 5.High Unemployment/Farmers Revolting People aren’t getting paid, they’re not happy with the govt.

14. Imperial Rome 1. Julius Caesar Seized power in 45 BC after epic battle Murdered in 44 BC by members of the Senate

15. 2. Augustus Caesar(Octavian) Beats Marc Antony to become Rome’s 1 st emperor! VS

16. Pax Romana 1.2 centuries of peace and prosperity under emperors 2.Expanded Roman Empire, esp. in the Near East (Byzantine Empire) 3.Uniform money, safe travel on roads,

17. 3. Political Impact The Twelve Tables of Roman Law

18. Christianity Takes Root in Ancient Rome

19. Beliefs, Traditions, Customs: 1.Monotheism: Rooted in Judaism 2.Jesus as both Son and incarnation (“embodied in flesh”) of God 3.Life after Death (Heaven or Hell) 4.New Testament—sacred text Contains accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus, as well as writings of early Christians 5.Christian doctrine established by early church councils Council of Nicaea, 325 AD—decided which books became part of the Bible we have today

20. Constantine: Made Christianity Constant!!

21. CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANCIENT ROME

22. Contributions of Ancient Rome: 1.Art/architecture: 1. The Colosseum Hosted the Gladiator Games Seated 50,000 ppl! 2. The Forum Center of the city All the important buildings were located here

23. 3. Pantheon 1)Temple to all the Roman gods

24. Contributions of Ancient Rome: Technology Roads: 1 st to do concrete! Aqueducts: Transports water across a gap Roman Arches: Became more elaborate over time

25. Contributions of Ancient Rome: Religion Roman mythology Adoption of Christianity as the imperial (state) religion Law The principle of “innocent until proven guilty” From the Twelve Tables

26. Decline of the Roman Empire

27. Causes of the Decline: 1.Geographic Size: Empire gets way too big, and is split! Difficult to defend and govern

28. Causes: 2.Economy– Cost too much to defend and Roman money lost its value 3.Military— Army membership starting to include non- Romans, resulting in in-fighting and little respect for authority. 4.Moral decay– People’s loss of faith in Rome and the family 5.Political problems– In-fighting among emperors, who were weak leaders

29. Causes: 6.Invasion– Rome will be continually attacked by Barbarian tribes from Europe

30. WHAT HAPPENS NOW? Division of the Roman Empire

31. What Happened? Empire is too big, and splits into East and West in 284 AD The Division of the Roman Empire, A.D. 284The Division of the Roman Empire, A.D. 284 (right click, open hyperlink)

32. Division of Roman Empire: 1.Constantine becomes emperor in 324 AD. He moves the capital of the empire from Rome to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople

33. 2.The Western Roman Empire will survive until 476 (AD), when it ceased to have a Roman Emperor. Undisciplined troops left the West in danger! **With its fall, Europe enters into the Middle Ages!

34. 3. Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) Eastern Empire will continue until 1453!! Remained a powerful cultural center in Europe/Asia