1. Chapter 11 Section 1 Page 338

2. Feb. 1861 – 7 of the southern most states had seceded When Lincoln took office, only 2 southern forts remained in Union hands. The most important fort was in Charleston, South Carolina. The Confederacy was demanding that the Union surrender the fort or face attack. Supplies & ammunition would last only 6 weeks.

3. Charleston presented a dilemma for Lincoln. If he ordered an attack, he would be responsible for starting the war. If he gave up the fort, he would be recognizing the Confederate government.

4. Lincoln decided to take neither option he would only “send food to hungry men”. President Jefferson Davis ordered an attack. War began on April 12, 1861. South Carolinians bombarded the fort until the Union surrendered.

5. News of Fort Sumter’s fall united the North. Men rushed to enlist Lincoln’s call for troops, provoked a different reaction in the upper southern states. Virginia unwilling to fight against other southern states, so Virginia seceded. Terrible loss for the Union b/c Virginia was heavily populated. May – Arkansas, Tennessee, & North Carolina seceded Citizens in western Virginia seceded from Virginia creating West Virginia Four slave states remained…Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, & Missouri Many of the citizens still fought for the Confederacy

6. Union More fighting power More factories Greater food production More railroads Decisive leaders 3 part plan (Anaconda Plan) Blockade southern ports Move down the Mississippi river to split the South Capture the capital “King Cotton” First rate generals Strong military tradition Highly motivated troops Limited government Strategy Attack but primarily defend the South at all costs Confederate

7. First major battle 30,000 inexperienced Union troops marched toward Richmond, VA (Capital of South) Surprised to come across a Confederate battalion near the small creek…Bull Run Lincoln commanded his general, Irvin McDowell, to attack Battle was a seesaw affair Southern General Thomas Jackson, (Stonewall Jackson) led the South to its first victory of the war. Union troops retreated to their capital Confederate morale soared

8. Lincoln appointed George McClellan Feb 1862, Union army invaded TN Ulysses Grant led the Union army Brave, tough, decisive military commander Grant’s forces captured 2 Confederate forts that held strategic locations on two rivers, in just 11 days Fort Henry on the Tennessee River Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River “no terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted” - Grant

9. 1 month later, Grant gathered troops near a TN church, Shiloh, which was close to the Mississippi Confederate troops then surprised Union troops Grant reorganized his troops and ordered reinforcements & led a counter attack the following day Strategic Lessons Generals now realized that they would be forced to send out scouts to dig trenches & build forts. Shiloh demonstrated how bloody the war would become Proved that the North’s strategy to take the Mississippi to split the south might succeed.

10. David Farragut’s assignment was to take New Orleans from the South. It was the largest and busiest port in the South. Farragut took his fleet past two southern forts in spite of heavy fire to take New Orleans. Farragut also took Baton Rouge and Natchez If the Union captured all the major cities along the Mississippi, then Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee would be cut off from the South.

11. Advances in technology changed strategy and contributed to the high death tools. Ironclad ships could splinter wooden ships, withstand cannon fire, and resist burning. Both the North and South used these ships during the war.

12. Even more deadly than the ironclad ships were the advancements on guns and ammunition. Rifles were more accurate & soldiers could reload them quicker. The minie ball was a soft lead bullet that was more destructive than earlier bullets. Troops also used primitive grenades and land mines.

13. The 3 rd part of the North’s 3-part strategy to capture the capital faltered. One of the problems was General McClellan who was extremely cautious. He complained that there were only 2 bridges across the Potomac. Northern newspapers began to mock his daily bulletins of “All quiet on the Potomac”. Even the patient Lincoln commented that he would like to borrow McClellan’s army if the general himself was not going to use it.

14. After dawdling all winter, McClellan finally got under way in the spring of 1862. On the way he encountered a Confederate army commanded by General Joseph Johnston. After a series of battles, Johnston was injured and the army passed to Robert E. Lee. Lee was very different – was willing to go beyond the military textbooks to move his forces. He had opposed secession.

15. Lee then moved against the enemies capital. South won an easy victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run McClellan found Lee’s plans and realized that Confederate troops were separated for the moment. McClellan ordered his men to attack Lee. Battle of Antietam Bloodiest one day battle in American history 26,000+ men died Rather than finishing off the Confederates, McClellan did nothing. Confederate troops retreated Lincoln fired McClellan “having the slows”

16. 1. How did the Confederacy challenge Lincoln? 2. What was especially damaging to the Union about Virginia’s secession? 3. What was the Union’s military strategy? 4. What was the Confederacy’s military strategy? 5. Why was the Battle of Bull Run a surprise to both sides? 6. How did Grant prove his skill as a leader in the West? 7. What was important about the Battle of Shiloh? 8. How did Grant and Farragut help advance the strategy of splitting the Confederacy? 9. What new weapons made war on the battlefield more deadly? 10. What revolution in shipbuilding changed naval warfare? 11. How did McClellan hurt the Union cause? 12. What action did Lee take that threatened the Union? 13. What were the results of the Battle of Antietam?