2. What is Urban Urban – relating to or located in a city

3. What is Urbanization Urbanization - is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very largest ones

4. Urban Growth is Speeding Up Time required to reach 2 million population: Rome, Italy 2000 years Vienna, Austria400 years Vancouver, B.C.115 years Shenzhen, China 20 years

5. Over the next quarter century, increases in urbanization will be almost entirely attributable to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

6. The Earliest Cities Preindustrial Cities Industrial Cities The Structure of Cities The Process of Urbanization U.S. Urban Patterns The Rural Rebound Models of Urban Growth Urbanization and the Development of Cities Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology

7. The very first cities were founded in Mesopotamia after the Neolithic Revolution, around 7500 BCE. Agriculture is believed to be a pre-requisite for cities, which help preserve surplus production and create economies of scale. Cities reduced transport costs for goods, people, and ideas by bringing them all together in one spot. The Earliest Cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/the-earliest-cities-691-8935 View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

8. Preindustrial cities were political units, like today's states.They offered freedom from rural obligations to lord and community. In the early modern era, larger capital cities benefited from new trade routes and grew even larger. While the city-states, or poleis, of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea languished from the 16th century, Europe's larger capitals benefited from the growth of commerce following the emergence of an Atlantic trade. Preindustrial Cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/preindustrial-cities-692-511 View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

9. Rapid growth brought urban problems, and industrial-era cities were rife with dangers to health and safety. Poor sanitation and communicable diseases were among the greatest causes of death among urban working class populations. In the 19th century, better sanitation led to improved health conditions. Industrial Cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/industrial-cities-693-8159 Slum in Glasgow, 1871 View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

10. In the grid model of cities, land is divided by streets that run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.This model promotes development. The concentric ring model describes the city as an ecosystem in which residents sort themselves into a series of rings based on class and occupation.This model's general applicability has been challenged. Urban structure can also describe the location of the central business district, industrial parks, or urban open spaces. The sectoral model says the city develops in wedge-shaped sectors instead of rings: certain areas of a city are more attractive for various activities, which flourish and expand outward in a wedge. The multiple nuclei model assumes that car ownership granted people more mobility and led the the development of specialized regional centers within cities. The irregular pattern model was developed to better explain urban structure in the Third World.It attempts to model the lack of planning or construction found in many rapidly built Third World cities. The Structure of Cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/the-structure-of-cities-694-10482 Toronto's Central Business District View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

11. Urbanization may be driven by local and global economic and social changes, and is generally a product of modernization and industrialization. Urbanization has economic and environmental effects.Economically, urbanization drives up prices, especially real estate, which can force original residents to move to less-desirable neighborhoods. Environmentally, cities cause "heat islands", where less vegetation and open soil raise city temperatures by 2 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Recently in developed countries, sociologists have observed suburbanization and counterurbanization, or movement away from cities, which may be driven by transportation infrastructure, or social factors like racism. The Process of Urbanization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/the-process-of-urbanization-695-3433 Rural and Urban World Population View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

12. Different agencies and individuals define urban in different ways, but the U.S. Census Bureau's definitions are considered standard. The U.S. Census Bureau defines "urban areas" as areas with a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and at least 2,500 total people. As of December, 2010, about 82% of the population of the United States lived within the boundaries of urbanized area. U.S. Urban Patterns Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/u-s-urban-patterns-696-8160 American urban areas by size View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

13. Much of the "rural" rebound was driven by suburbanization, which is the movement of people from cities to surrounding suburbs, ex- urbs, or edge cities. Suburbanization may be driven by white flight. Counterurbanization refers, broadly, to movement away from the city, which may include urban-to-rural migration and suburbanization. Counterurbanization has created shrinking cities and attempts to better control urban growth. The Rural Rebound Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/the-rural-rebound-697-10480 A Suburban Neighborhood View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

14. The growth machine theory of urban growth says urban growth is driven by a coalition of interest groups who all benefit from continuous growth and expansion.Thus, the growth of cities is a social phenomenon. Urban sprawl results when cities grow uncontrolled, expanding into rural land and making walking, public transit, or bicycling impractical. Critics of urban life often focus on urban decay, which may be self-perpetuating, according to the broken windows theory. Urban renewal attempts to counter urban decay and restore growth. The New Urbanism and smart growth movements both challenge the value of urban growth and expansion, and they try to improve urban life by keeping it on a human scale. Models of Urban Growth Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of- cities-123/models-of-urban-growth-698-10481 Urban sprawl View on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

16. Key terms central business district The central area of a city in which a concentration of certain retail and business activities takes place, especially in older cities with rail transportation. counterurbanization A demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. counterurbanization Counterurbanisation is a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. ex-urbs The expression exurb (for "extra-urban") was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky in his 1955 book The Exurbanites to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs that are commuter towns for an urban area. gentrification A shift in an urban community toward wealthier residents and/or businesses and increasing property values; often resulting in poorer residents being displaced by wealthier newcomers. Human Ecology Human ecology described the city as analogous to an ecosystem, with natural processes of adaptation and assimilation. industrial cities Rapid growth brought urban problems, and industrial-era cities were rife with dangers to health and safety.Quickly expanding industrial cities could be quite deadly, full of contaminated water and air, and communicable diseases. industrial era During the industrial era, cities grew rapidly and became centers of population and production. lord A titled nobleman or aristocrat Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution or Neolithic Demographic Transition, sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution, was the world's first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture. New Urbanism New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods that contain a range of housing and job types. Old World The known world before the discovery of the Americas. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization

17. population density The average number of people who live on each square mile (or kilometer) of land. Preindustrial cities While ancient cities may have arisen organically as trading centers, preindustrial cities evolved to become well defined political units. rural flight A term used to describe the migratory patterns of peoples from rural areas into urban areas. rural obligations For people during the medieval era, cities offered a newfound freedom from rural obligations.City residence brought freedom from customary rural obligations to lord and community. smart growth Smart growth programs draw urban growth boundaries to keep urban development dense and compact. suburbanization A term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities; one of the many causes of the increase in urban sprawl. urban open space In land use planning, urban open space is open space areas for parks, green spaces, and other open areas. urban renewal Urban renewal refers to programs of land redevelopment in areas of moderate- to high-density urban land use. urbanism the study of cities, their geographic, economic, political, social, and cultural environment urbanization The physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities. white flight The large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries, from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban areas. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization

18. Broken windows Broken windows in Detroit signal urban decay Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Detroit14." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Detroit14.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Detroit14.jpgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

19. American urban areas by size This map shows major urban areas in America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Map of American urban areas by size." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_American_urban_areas_by_size.svg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_American_urban_areas_by_size.svgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

20. Slum in Glasgow, 1871 An example of slum life in an industrial city. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Slum in Glasgow, 1871." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slum_in_Glasgow,_1871.jpg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slum_in_Glasgow,_1871.jpgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

21. A Suburban Neighborhood Suburban neighborhoods often feature large, manicured lawns. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Southlake Suburb." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southlake_Suburb.JPG View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southlake_Suburb.JPGView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

22. Toronto's Central Business District Skyscrapers populate Toronto's central business district Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Toronto central business district." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toronto_central_business_district.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toronto_central_business_district.jpgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

23. Urban sprawl Chicago, seen by air, shows urban sprawl Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Chicagoland air." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chicagoland_air.jpg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chicagoland_air.jpgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

24. Megacities Reflect Growing Urbanization Trend - YouTube In the developing world, huge cities with sprawling slums have developed as agriculture and rural occupations have been supplanted by mechanized industries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com YouTube. "Megacities Reflect Growing Urbanization Trend - YouTube." Youtube License https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFboV2m1yuw View on Boundless.comYoutube Licensehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFboV2m1yuwView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

25. Vatican City, a Modern City-state Medieval cities were political units, like Vatican City, a modern city-state. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Map of Vatican City." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Vatican_City.jpg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Vatican_City.jpgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

26. Hoyt's Sectoral Model of Urban Growth In Hoyt's model, cities grow in wedge-shaped sectors radiating from the center. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Hoyt model." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoyt_model.svg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoyt_model.svgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

27. Concentric Zone Model The Concentric Ring Model described the city as a series of concentric rings, each home to a different group and social function. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Burgess model1." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Burgess_model1.svg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Burgess_model1.svgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

28. The ancient city of Ur The ancient city Ur of Sumer, in present day Tell el-Mukayyar in Iraq, is one of the world's earliest known сities. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Ur-Nassiriyah." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpgView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

29. Rural and Urban World Population Over time, the world's population has become less rural and more urban. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Percentage of World Population Urban Rural." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Percentage_of_World_Population_Urban_Rural.PNG View on Boundless.comPublic domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Percentage_of_World_Population_Urban_Rural.PNGView on Boundless.com Population and Urbanization

30. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization The theory of urban growth which posits that people see neglect around them, so they begin to neglect their own home is known as what? A) Urban decay B) Broken windows theory C) Urban sprawl D) New Urbanism

31. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization The theory of urban growth which posits that people see neglect around them, so they begin to neglect their own home is known as what? A) Urban decay B) Broken windows theory C) Urban sprawl D) New Urbanism

32. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization A ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, generally occupied by well-educated, wealthy individuals is known as what? A) Edge city B) Commuter town C) Exurb D) Suburban flight

33. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization A ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, generally occupied by well-educated, wealthy individuals is known as what? A) Edge city B) Commuter town C) Exurb D) Suburban flight

34. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization Which of the following would be an example of white flight? A) A group of wealthy college students living in a gated community B) A neighborhood of Asian-Americans living among poor Hispanics C) An ethnically diverse block of an affluent neighborhood D) African Americans living the a poor neighborhood known as "The Projects"

35. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization Which of the following would be an example of white flight? A) A group of wealthy college students living in a gated community B) A neighborhood of Asian-Americans living among poor Hispanics C) An ethnically diverse block of an affluent neighborhood D) African Americans living the a poor neighborhood known as "The Projects"

36. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization What percentage of people occupy what percentage of the land area of the United States? A) 75, 25 B) 82, 2 C) 60, 19 D) 50, 5

37. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization What percentage of people occupy what percentage of the land area of the United States? A) 75, 25 B) 82, 2 C) 60, 19 D) 50, 5

38. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization The movement of middle and upper class individuals away from cities while maintaining city lifestyles is known as what? A) Suburbanization B) Counterurbanization C) Middle class drift D) Exurbanization

39. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization The movement of middle and upper class individuals away from cities while maintaining city lifestyles is known as what? A) Suburbanization B) Counterurbanization C) Middle class drift D) Exurbanization

40. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization The urban structure model in which the city divides itself into wedges, and some wedges are more attractive than others, is known as what? A) Concentric Ring B) Multiple Nuclei C) Irregular D) Sectoral

41. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization The urban structure model in which the city divides itself into wedges, and some wedges are more attractive than others, is known as what? A) Concentric Ring B) Multiple Nuclei C) Irregular D) Sectoral

42. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization The number one killer of people living in urban areas was what? A) Tuberculosis B) Cholera C) Typhoid fever D) Black lung

43. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization The number one killer of people living in urban areas was what? A) Tuberculosis B) Cholera C) Typhoid fever D) Black lung

44. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization In the early 19th century, what was the largest city in the world? A) Paris B) Baghdad C) London D) Venice

45. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization In the early 19th century, what was the largest city in the world? A) Paris B) Baghdad C) London D) Venice

46. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization All of the following are reasons the earliest cities started EXCEPT: A) Government officials forced people to live in cities in order to facilitate their growth B) Reduced the transportation cost of goods and brought people together C) Formed a basis of protection from barbarian armies D) Food surpluses required storage and facilitated trade

47. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Population and Urbanization All of the following are reasons the earliest cities started EXCEPT: A) Government officials forced people to live in cities in order to facilitate their growth B) Reduced the transportation cost of goods and brought people together C) Formed a basis of protection from barbarian armies D) Food surpluses required storage and facilitated trade

48. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization In the Concentric Zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? A) The city's industrial center B) Wealthy commuter homes C) Rural outposts D) Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments

49. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Population and Urbanization In the Concentric Zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? A) The city's industrial center B) Wealthy commuter homes C) Rural outposts D) Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments

50. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city? A) All of the answers B) Good environment with water and a favorable climate C) Advanced agricultural technology D) Strong social organization

51. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Population and Urbanization What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city? A) All of the answers B) Good environment with water and a favorable climate C) Advanced agricultural technology D) Strong social organization

52. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization What led to the creation of the exurbs? A) Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city B) The high cost of suburban living C) The housing boom of the 1980s D) Gentrification

53. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Population and Urbanization What led to the creation of the exurbs? A) Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city B) The high cost of suburban living C) The housing boom of the 1980s D) Gentrification

54. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization What does human ecology theory address? A) The relationship between humans and their environments B) The way that humans impact technology C) How human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species D) The relationship between humans and other species

55. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Population and Urbanization What does human ecology theory address? A) The relationship between humans and their environments B) The way that humans impact technology C) How human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species D) The relationship between humans and other species

56. Attribution Wikipedia. "Ancient cities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Middle_AgesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Middle_Ages Wiktionary. "lord." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lordCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lord Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/preindustrial-citiesCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/preindustrial-cities Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/rural-obligationsCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/rural-obligations Wiktionary. "urbanization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urbanization Wikipedia. "rural flight." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rural+flightCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rural+flight Wiktionary. "suburbanization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suburbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suburbanization Wikipedia. "counterurbanization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/counterurbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/counterurbanization Wikibooks. "Introduction to Sociology/Demography." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Demography#UrbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Demography#Urbanization Wikipedia. "Urbanization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UrbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization Utah Valley University. "Chapter 18 - Urbanization." CC BY http://freebooks.uvu.edu/SOC1010/index.php/ch18- urbanization.htmlCC BYhttp://freebooks.uvu.edu/SOC1010/index.php/ch18- urbanization.html Wikipedia. "Gentrification." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GentrificationCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification wikipedia. "Suburbanization." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuburbanizationCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbanization Wikipedia. "Ancient cities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Industrial_ageCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Industrial_age Wikipedia. "Industrial Revolution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution#Factories_and_urbanisationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution#Factories_and_urbanisation Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/industrial-eraCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/industrial-era Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/industrial-citiesCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/industrial-cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization

57. Wikipedia. "List of United States urban areas." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areasCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas Wikipedia. "Urban area." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area#United_StatesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area#United_States Wikipedia. "United States urban area." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_urban_areaCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_urban_area Wiktionary. "population density." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/population+densityCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/population+density Wikipedia. "Ancient cities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Ancient_timesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Ancient_times Wikipedia. "Ancient cities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#OriginsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Origins Wiktionary. "Old World." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Old+WorldCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Old+World Wiktionary. "urbanism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urbanismCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urbanism Wikipedia. "Neolithic Revolution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic+RevolutionCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic+Revolution Wikipedia. "Counter urbanization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_urbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_urbanization Wikipedia. "Exurb." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exurb#ExurbsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exurb#Exurbs Wikipedia. "White flight." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_flightCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_flight Wikipedia. "Shrinking cities." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinking_citiesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinking_cities Wikipedia. "Edge city." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_cityCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_city Wikipedia. "Exurb." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExurbCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exurb Wikipedia. "counterurbanization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/counterurbanizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/counterurbanization Wikipedia. "ex-urbs." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ex-urbsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ex-urbs Wikipedia. "white flight." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/white+flightCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/white+flight Wikipedia. "Smart growth." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_growthCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_growth Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization

58. Wikipedia. "New Urbanism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_UrbanismCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Urbanism Wikipedia. "Urban development." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_development#AspectsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_development#Aspects Wikipedia. "Urban sprawl." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawlCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl Wikipedia. "Harvey Molotch." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Molotch#The_City_as_a_Growth_MachineCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Molotch#The_City_as_a_Growth_Machine Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/new-urbanismCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/new-urbanism Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/urban-renewalCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/urban-renewal Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/smart-growthCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/smart-growth Wikipedia. "Concentric ring model." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_ring_modelCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_ring_model Wikipedia. "Multiple nuclei model." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_modelCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model Wikipedia. "Urban structure." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_structureCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_structure Wikipedia. "Central place theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_place_theoryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_place_theory Wikipedia. "Irregular pattern model." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_pattern_modelCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_pattern_model Wikipedia. "Central business district." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_business_districtCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_business_district Wikipedia. "Grid plan." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_planCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_plan Wikipedia. "Urban open space." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_open_spaceCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_open_space Wikipedia. "Industrial park." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_parkCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_park Wikipedia. "Sector model." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_modelCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_model Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/human-ecology--2CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/human-ecology--2 Wiktionary. "central business district." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/central+business+districtCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/central+business+district Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization

59. Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/urban-open-spaceCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/urban-open-space Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Population and Urbanization