1. Salvete! Welcome to Latin 1

2. Propositum: DWBAT identify the basic goals and structure of their Latin course for the 2013-2014 academic year Facite Nunc: 1.Take a Course Information and Expectations handout 2.Take out a pen/pencil and write your name at the top of your Course Information and Expectations handout 3.Read the text at the top of pg. 1 and in your own words identify the goals of the course 9/9/13

3. Cogitāte….(Think about…) What is your first memory of learning a language? What was one moment in your learning of that language that was embarrassing? What was one moment in your learning of that language that was exciting?

4. Categories of Assessments Homework and Preparation (10%) Quizzes (40%) – Declamatiō (10%) (*incorporated into your Quizzes grade- Quizzes become 30%, Dec. 10% for that term) Translatiō (20%) Midterm Exam (10%) Internal Assessment (20%)

5. Homework Assignments #1 & 2 Due tomorrow (9/10/13)- Discipulus/a Contact Information sheet completed and signed by a parent/guardian Due Wednesday (9/11/13)- All materials listed in Materials section of Course Information and Expectations handout

6. Salvete, Latin 1! Remain standing as you enter the room. You will be assigned seats alphabetically in a moment.

7. Propositum: DWBAT define terminology used to describe the Latin language Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your Discipulus/a Contact Information sheet for collection 2.Turn to the person sitting next to you and introduce yourself. 3.Exchange e-mail addresses/phone numbers. 4.Take out a piece of looseleaf and a pen/pencil PENSUM #2: Bring in all materials listed under the Materials section of your Course Information and Expectations handout 9/10/13

8. Materials Latin binder- bring this to class everyday and take it out when you enter – Dividers – 50 sheets of looseleaf paper 3 blue/black and 3 red pens and one highlighter Homework notebook/planner

9. Heading NameDate (Section Name)Latin 1, R__ Ex. Magistra Snyder9/10/13 Class NotesLatin 1, R1

10. Latin Binder Sections Class Notes – Daily notes for this class – Lecture notes – Worksheets and handouts Homework – Written HW assignments – Worksheets and handouts given for HW Assessments – Graded quizzes and exams Reference Information – Grammatical Information sheets Vocabulary – Running vocabulary lists in chronological order

11. Cogitāte…(Think about…) “Latin I is a yearlong course designed to teach students (discipuli) the fundamentals of Latin grammar, vocabulary and syntax while introducing them to the various facets of ancient Roman history and civilization with a view to preparing them to succeed in the IB Programme in their third and fourth years at TBLS and beyond.” Grammar Vocabulary Syntax

12. “Students love candy” Grammar: Syntax: Vocabulary Students = subject love = verb candy = direct object subject + verb + direct object (S V DO) student = person who studies at school love = to care deeply for/about candy = sugary food made with fruit or chocolate

13. Propositum: DWBAT use terminology to describe language; begin to define parts of speech in English Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your Materials for inspection 2.Turn to your notes from yesterday and share out with your table the words you associated with the terms grammar, syntax, and vocabulary PENSUM #3: Bring your binder to class 9/11/13

14. Propositum: DWBAT use terminology to describe language; begin to define parts of speech in English Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your Materials for inspection 2.Write out the following sentence and discuss with your table the GRAMMAR, SYNTAX, AND VOCABULARY within it: 1.“The dog bites the man” PENSUM #3: Bring your binder to class 9/11/13

15. Latin 1 Terminology Grammar- the function of words in any given clause or sentence Syntax- the word order and structure of a given clause or sentence Vocabulary- body of words used in a particular language

16. “The dog bites the man” Grammar: Syntax: Vocabulary the dog= subject bites= verb man= direct object subject + verb + direct object (S V DO) dog= mammal belonging to the canine species, known for barking bites= to use teeth to chew on something man= human of masculine gender

17. Identifying Parts of Speech in English handout Take a handout and write your name and date at the top Put it into the Class Notes section of your binder Fill in the first 3 blanks on the page (above Nouns)

18. Propositum: DWBAT define and identify parts of speech in English Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your binder 2.Open up to your Class Notes section and turn to your Identifying Parts of Speech in English handout 3.Write out the following sentence and discuss with your table the GRAMMAR, SYNTAX, AND VOCABULARY within it: 1.“She likes pie” PENSUM #4: Review your Class Notes from 9/11 and 9/12. Short open notes quiz on parts of speech (nouns, verbs, prep. phrases) 9/12/13

19. “She likes pie” Grammar: Syntax: Vocabulary she= subject likes= verb pie= direct object subject + verb + direct object (S V DO) she= pronoun standing in for a person of the feminine gender likes= to find enjoyable pie= baked fruit dish made with pastry

20. NOUN A word that is either a living thing, place, object, or concept. Living thing: teacher, student, starfish Place: school, earth, New York Object: chair, pencil, hand Concept: hope, learning, work, love

21. Where is the noun? Suddenly, the girl burst out laughing in her chair. Never before did something across the room seem so funny. Humor, she thought in her mind, was a funny thing.

22. The Subject of a Sentence The subject of a sentence is always a ______. The subject is the “do-er” or “be-er” of the main verb of the sentence. It completes the action or condition of the verb. noun

23. Which is the subject? Suddenly, the girl burst out laughing in her chair. Never before did something across the room seem so funny. Humor, she thought in her mind, was a funny thing.

24. VERB A word that represents an action, condition, or occurrence. Action: play, run, smile Condition: is, has, seem Occurrence: becomes, happens

25. Where is the verb? Suddenly, the girl burst out laughing in her chair. Never before did something across the room seem so funny. Humor, she thought in her mind, was a funny thing. action condition action condition

26. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE A 2-3 word phrase (preposition + noun) that describes physical location or movement. Prepositions Physical location prepositions: in, on, at, under, by Movement prepositions: through, from, across, toward, away

27. Where’s the prepositional phrase? Suddenly, the girl burst out laughing in her chair. Never before did something across the room seem so funny. Humor, she thought in her mind, was a funny thing

28. PRACTICE With your table members, complete the practice sentences #1-3 by annotating the parts of speech in these sentences

29. Propositum: DWBAT define and identify parts of speech in English Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your binder 2.Take out a sheet of looseleaf and put your heading on it. For the section, write ASSESSMENTS PENSUM #5: Review your Class Notes from 9/13. Short open notes quiz on parts of speech (adjectives, adverbs and conjunctions) 9/13/13

30. Quiz 1: Nouns, verbs and prepositional phrases DIRECTIONS: Annotate the sentence below for nouns (circle), verbs (underline), and prepositional phrases (parentheses) Dolphins swim across the ocean and jump above the waves.

31. ADJECTIVE A descriptive word that modifies or refers to a __noun. – Descriptive: nice, intelligent, humorous – Possessive: my, our, your, his – Demonstrative: that, this – Interrogative: which? what?

32. ADVERB A word that modifies or refers to a verb, adjective, or another adverb. – Examples Verb: “she ran to school ________” Adjective: “the _______ spoken words haunted him” Adverb: “__________, today the store is closed” quickly harshly Unfortunately

33. CONJUNCTION A word that links together individual words, phrases or clauses to express a relationship between them. – Examples – Words: “cats ________ dogs, chicken _____ fish” – Clauses: “_________ she learned to drive, Sarah felt more independent” andor Because

34. PRACTICE 1.Return to sentences #1-3 and 1.connect adjectives to nouns with an arrow 2.put a squiggly line under adverbs 3.put a triangle around conjunctions 2.Find and list all different the parts of speech which were included in sentence #1-3 in the boxes below 1.List at the bottom of the page any words from #1-3 that did NOT fall into ANY of the parts of speech categories

35. Circle the nouns, box the subject, underline the verb, and parenthesize the (prepositional phrase). 1.In my mind, nothing is more beautiful than stars that hang above mountaintops. 1.Under the sea buried treasure and sunken ships lie in a watery grave. 2.Hope springs eternally, but the blossom of love inevitably fades.

36. Quiz 2: Adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions DIRECTIONS: Annotate the sentence below for adjectives (arrow), adverbs (squiggly line), and conjunctions (triangle) I walked through a green field and sat quietly beneath a tree.

37. Propositum: DWBAT annotate a Latin passage Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your binder 2.Take out a sheet of looseleaf and put your heading on it. For the section, write ASSESSMENTS PENSUM #6: Complete your annotation and translation of the ‘Sicilia’ passage (from your Class Notes for today) 9/16/13

38. Quiz 2: Adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions DIRECTIONS: Annotate the sentence below for adjectives (arrow), adverbs (squiggly line), and conjunctions (triangle) The beautiful girl spoke slowly and quickly handed me the blue book.

39. How does a TEXT convey meaning? Brainstorm different ways that the writing (or written text) can convey meaning Write down notes for your group on a piece of looseleaf in your Class Notes section

40. Steps for Approaching a Latin Text 1.Vocabulary/Derivatives 2.Context 3.Annotation 4.Translation 5.Comprehension

41. Vocabulary and Context Are there any words in this passage that you can figure out the meaning of by thinking of derivatives? What kinds of vocabulary words are being used in the text? What does the top sentence/paragraph BEFORE the text tell me about context?

42. Annotate the passage ‘Sicilia’ EVERY word should have an annotation symbol – Nouns = – Verbs = – Adjectives = – Adverbs = – Prepositional phrases = – Conjunctions =

43. Propositum: DWBAT translate a Latin passage and reorder Latin sentences into proper English syntax Facite Nunc: 1.Open up to the looseleaf in Class Notes 2.Take out your homework 3.Take out a red pen 4.Discuss with your table members: 1.Were there any sentences that were difficult to translate/put into proper English word order? If so, which ones? PENSUM #7: Make a chart (on looseleaf) to list the way noun endings relate to noun function (#3 from your ‘Sicilia’ handout) 9/17/13

44. ‘Sicilia’ lines 1-3 1.Sicilia est magna īnsula in Eurōpā. magna est fāma Siliciae*, sed fortūna Siciliae nōn bona est. 2.in Siciliā vīta est dūra. terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae. 3.magnae silvae in Siciliā nōn sunt. viae parvae et nōn bonae sunt.

45. ‘Sicilia’ lines 1-3 1.Sicilia est magna īnsula in Eurōpā. magna est fāma Siliciae*, sed fortūna Siciliae nōn bona est. 2.in Siciliā vīta est dūra. terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae. 3.magnae silvae in Siciliā nōn sunt. viae parvae et nōn bonae sunt. Sicily is a large island in Europe. The fame of Sicily is great, but the fortune of Sicily is not good. In Sicily life is hard. Land and water are good (plentiful), but families are large. The forests in Sicily are not big. The roads are small and not good. Words in ( ) in your translation are inferences. These make the meaning of the text easier to understand.

46. Review the translation of lines 4-6 with your table members Note where you need to change the syntax of the sentence in order when going from Latin to English Note where you need to add a word

47. ‘Sicilia’ lines 4-6 4.vīta est dūra in Siciliā, et fortūna nōn bona est. in Siciliā sunt parvae et magnae puellae. 5.magnae puellae aquam portant. familiae puellās bonās amant. 6.familiae Siciliam et fāmam Siciliae amant, sed fortūnam dūram nōn amant. Life is hard in Sicily, and fortune is not good. In Sicily (there) are small and large girls. Large girls carry water. Families love good girls. Families love Sicily and the fame of Sicily, but (do) not love hard (bad) fortune. words in yellow = word order changes/word is added

48. 1.The word ‘Sicilia’ appears in this text with 4 DIFFERENT endings. What are they? – _______________ Sicilia Siciliae Siciliā Siciliam

49. 2.What function does the word in bold have in each of these sentences? – Sicilia est magna īnsula (line 1): __________________________ – In Siciliā vīta est dūra (line 2): ___________________________ – Familiae Siciliam….amant (line 6): ________________________ – Magna est fāma Siciliae (line 1): __________________________ – Familiae pullās bonās amant (line 5): ______________________ Sicilia is the subject Sicilia is in a prepositional phrase Sicilia is the direct object Sicilia shows possession with the noun fāma Familiae is the plural subject

50. Pensum #7 Latin Word EndingFunction of Latin word

51. Propositum: DWBAT identify nouns in the 1 st and 2 nd declensions Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your homework for inspection 2.Take a “Nouns and the Case System- Declensions” handout 3.Cover up the vocabulary on the right margin and see how many Latin words you can come up with derivatives for PENSUM #8: Complete side 2 of your Class Notes handout for today 9/18/13

52. Nouns and the Case System- Declensions So far we’ve learned about nouns that have ‘a’ endings, like Sicilia, fāma, fortūna. These nouns are grouped into a family called a ______________ because all of their endings involve the letter ‘a’. They belong to the _______ declension. declension 1 st

53. ‘The Rise of Juppiter’ story 1.Are there any words you can guess the meanings of? Come up with derivatives for? 2.What is the context for this passage? 3.Annotate the passage 4.Translate the passage on looseleaf Notāte! The words that begin with capital letters are proper nouns, or names. You do not need to translate them yet.

54. Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences involving 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns in the nominative and accusative cases Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your “Nouns and the Case System- Declensions” handout 2.Take out a red pen 3.Review with your table members: 1.What is a declension? 2.What declension do nouns that have ‘a’ endings belong to? PENSUM #9: Study for a short translation quiz tomorrow (see handout from 9/18-19) 9/19/13

55. -a-a - ae - us -ī-ī - am - ās - um - ōs subject direct object

56. The Rise of Jupiter lines 1-3 Terra XII Tītānōs creat. ultimus filius est Sāturnus. Sāturnus Ūranum vincit. Ūranus et Terra orāculum dīcunt: ‘tuus fīlius tē vincet.’ Sāturnus rēgnum amat et fīliōs dēvorat. Terra produces 12 Titanos (Titans). The last child is Saturnus. Saturnus conquers Uranus. Uranus and Terra say (give) a prophecy: ‘Your son will conquer you.’ Saturnus loves (his) kingdom and swallows (his) children.

57. ‘The Rise of Jupiter’ lines 4-6 Terra audit et pro (in place of) fīliō saxum parat. Sāturnus saxum nōn videt et dēvorat. Terra fīlium capit et eum ad Crētam dūcit. fīlius est Iuppiter. Terra hears (this) and prepares a stone in place of (her) son. Saturnus (does) not see the stone and swallows (it). Terra seizes (her) son and leads him to Crete. The son is Jupiter.

58. 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns In your notes list ALL of the 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns in this passage and determine whether they are subjects (nominative) or direct objects (accusative) 1 st declension (2)2 nd declension (11) Terra Crētam Tītānōs filius/-um/-ōs Sāturnus Ūranum/-us orāculum rēgnum saxum eum

59. Exerceāmus! (side 2) Annotate sentences 1-4 by: – Circling subjects – boxing direct objects – underlining verbs PREVIEW: Do you notice a difference in the way the verb in #4 ends as compared with the verbs in #1, 2, and 3?

60. Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences involving 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns in the nominative and accusative cases Facite Nunc: 1.Take a “Clash of the Titans” handout and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder 2.Take out a black/blue pen 3.Wait to receive a quiz paper PENSUM #10: Complete your translation of “Clash of the Titans” 9/20/13

61. Quiz 3: Nominative and Accusative Nouns 1.fīlius deam petit. ____________________________________ 2.deus saxum dēvorat. ____________________________________ 3.rēgnum Sāturnus amat. ____________________________________ The son/child looks for the goddess. The god swallows the stone/rock. Saturn loves (his) kingdom.

62. ‘Clash of the Titans’ translation 1.Based on the way our last passage (Rise of Jupiter) ended, what do you think will happen in this one? 2.Look to the NOUNS section of your vocabulary and put a ‘1’ next to the 1 st declension nouns and a ‘2’ next to the first declension nouns

63. Propositum: DWBAT identify the gender of a noun and distinguish between nouns that have similar endings based on gender Facite Nunc: 1.Take a ‘Noun Gender’ handout and put it in the Class Notes section of your binder 2.Take out your ‘Clash of the Titans’ handout and translation 3.Take out a red pen PENSUM #11: Complete your ‘Noun Gender’ worksheet in full. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns on Wednesday 9/23/13

64. ‘Clash of the Titans’ 1.in Olympō Iuppiter, adultus, deōs et deās 2.convocat: “cum Tītānīs pugnāmus**. ab Sāturnō 3.rēgnum capiemus**. deōs et deās dūcō*, et Tītānōs 4.vincemus**.” 5. Sāturnus rēgnum nōn cēdit. deī Olympiī 6.bellum parant. Iuppiter vastōs fīliōs Terrae 7.habet. Olympiī Tītānōs vincunt. Iuppiter et 8.Neptūnus et Plūto rēgna sua cupiunt. III germanī 9.terrās regunt: Iuppiter caelum capit, Neptūnus 10.aquam capit, et Plūto rēgnum sub terrā capit. Translate on the lines below the Latin text

65. Propositum: DWBAT identify the gender of a noun and distinguish between nouns that have similar endings based on gender Facite Nunc: 1.Take a ‘Noun Gender’ handout and put it in the Class Notes section of your binder 2.Take out your ‘Clash of the Titans’ handout and translation 3.Take out a red pen PENSUM #11: Complete your ‘Noun Gender’ worksheet in full. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns on Wednesday 9/23/13

66. 1.in Olympō Iuppiter, adultus, deōs et deās convocat: 1. “cum Tītānīs pugnāmus**. 1.ab Sāturnō rēgnum capiemus**. 1. deōs et deās dūcō*, et Tītānōs vincemus**.” ‘Clash of the Titans’ On Olympus Jupiter, grown-up, calls together the gods and goddesses: “We fight with the Titans. We will take the kingdom from Saturnus. I lead the gods and goddesses, and we will conquer the Titans.”

67. 5.Sāturnus rēgnum nōn cēdit. 6.deī Olympiī bellum parant. 7. Iuppiter vastōs fīliōs Terrae habet. 8. Olympiī Tītānōs vincunt. 9.Iuppiter et Neptūnus et Plūto rēgna sua cupiunt. 10.III germanī terrās regunt: 11. Iuppiter caelum capit, Neptūnus aquam capit, et Plūto rēgnum sub terrā capit. ‘Clash of the Titans’ Saturnus does not yield the kingdom The Olympian gods prepare a war. Jupiter has (on his side) the huge children of Terra. The Olympians conquer the Titans. Jupiter and Neptune and Pluto want their own kingdoms. The 3 sibilings rule the lands (territories, regions): Jupiter takes the sky, Neptune takes the water (sea), and Pluto takes the kingdom beneath the land.

68. Noun Gender The gender of a noun is listed next to its dictionary entry with the letters f. (feminine), m. (masculine) or n. (neuter) The gender of a noun must be memorized

69. 2 nd declension neuter endings 2 Rules for Neuter Gender Nouns 1. 2. -um -a The nominative sing. ending and acc. sing. for a neuter noun are the SAME The nominative plural ending and acc. pl. for a neuter noun are the SAME

70. ‘Noun Gender’ side 2 Work through the backside of your ‘Noun Gender’ worksheet – Determine the case (nominative or accusative) of each word in each sentence

71. Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate sentences involving nouns of all genders in the 1 st and 2 nd declension Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Noun Gender’ handout for inspection 1.Review your HW with your table members 2.Take a ‘Nominative and Accusative’ handout and cross out ‘Homework’ at the top and write in ‘Class Notes’ 3.Take a ‘The Olympians’ handout and snap it into the homework section of your binder PENSUM #12: Complete your ‘The Olympians’ translation. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns tomorrow 9/24/13

72. What case is caelum? How do you know? deus caelum regit caelum is neuter. -um tells us it can be either nom. or acc. Since deus can ONLY be nom., therefore caelum is acc. The god rules the sky.

73. What case is oraculum? How do you know? oraculum Saturnum terret oraculum is neuter. -um tells us it can be either nom. or acc. Since Saturnum is acc., then oraculum must be nom. The prophecy scares Saturnus.

74. Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate sentences involving nouns of all genders in the 1 st and 2 nd declension Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Noun Gender’ handout for inspection 1.Review your HW with your table members 2.Take a ‘Nominative and Accusative’ handout and cross out ‘Homework’ at the top and write in ‘Class Notes’ 3.Take a ‘The Olympians’ handout and snap it into the homework section of your binder PENSUM #12: Complete your ‘The Olympians’ translation. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns tomorrow 9/24/13

75. What case is caela? How do you know? dea caela amat caela is neuter -a tells us it can be either nom. or acc. plural Since dea is nom., then caela must be acc. The goddess loves the skies/heavens.

76. Nominative and Accusative Practice Complete all 3 sections of this handout – For section 3 determine what case the noun should be in based on word order before you translate. – Use your past vocabulary notes for help Raise your hand for a check of your work when you are done

77. Propositum: DWBAT form verbs in all persons and numbers in the present tense Facite Nunc: 1.Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz 2.Take 2 handouts (Present Tense Verbs and Exerceamus!) handout from the table 3.When your quiz is over, take out your ‘The Olympians’ translation for correction PENSUM #13: Complete your ‘Exerceamus!’ handout 9/25/13

78. ‘The Olympians’ Iuppiter III germānās et II germānōs habet. – Jupiter has 3 sisters and 2 brothers. germānus Neptūnus aquās rēgit et terrās movet et equum facit. – Brother Neptune rules the waters (seas) and moves the lands and rides a horse. Plūto Orcum habet. – Pluto has the Underworld. Orcus est rēgnum quō mortuī veniunt. – The Underworld is a kingdom where the dead come (to). prō poenā* Tītānī habitant in Tartarō in Orcō. – As punishment, the Titans live in Tartarus in the Underworld.

79. Iuno, germāna, est rēgīna deōrum. – Juno, (his) sister, is the queen of the gods. dea mātrimōnium servat. – The goddess protects marriage. Cerēs agrōs servat et virīs et fēminīs** frūmentum dat. – Ceres protects fields and gives grain to men and women. Vesta focum servat et in flammīs habitat. – Vesta protects the hearth and lives in flames. ‘The Olympians’

80. Verb Endings If verbs end in –ō their subject is – I (ex. dūcō = I lead) If verbs end in –mus their subject is – we (ex. pugnāmus = we fight)

81. Present Tense Verbs Unlike most English verbs, all Latin verbs change their endings depending on who their subject is. In English we can say “I walk” or “they walk” and keep the verb “walk” the same, but in Latin, the ending for the verb ambulāre (to walk) changes depending on whether it’s “I” walking (ambulō) or “they” walking (ambulant). Whenever you encounter a Latin verb, it will have at least 2 principal parts. ambulō, ambulāre = walk

82. 1 st PRINCIPAL PART: 1 st person singular (“I”) present tense form (Ex. ambulō = I walk) 2 nd PRINCIPAL PART: present active infinitive, translated “to ______” (Ex. ambulāre = to walk)

83. T O FORM A PRESENT TENSE VERB, use the following procedure: R EMOVE THE -_________ FROM THE 2 ND PRINCIPAL PART TO GET THE P RESENT S TEM – Ex. ambulāre - -re = ambulā- – Present Stem = ambulā- A DD P RESENT A CTIVE E NDINGS TO THE P RESENT S TEM, according to the subject of the verb.

84. Exerceāmus! Fill in the missing forms on your ‘Exerceāmus!’ worksheet Follow the rules on your ‘Present Tense Verbs’ handout If there is a * or ** that means that there is an exception rule to that form

85. Propositum: DWBAT identify the conjugation number of a verb and conjugate verbs in the present tense Facite Nunc: 1.Take 2 handouts: 1. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : Present Stem and Conjugation Number 2.Present Tense Verbs Practice 2.Take out your ‘Exerceāmus!’ homework handout 1.Answer the following questions with your table members: 1.How are English verbs different than Latin verbs? 2.How is the 1 st principal part of a verb translated? 3.How is the 2 nd principal part of a verb translated? PENSUM #14: Complete your ‘Present Tense Verbs Practice’ handout. Present Tense quiz on Monday. 9/26/13

86. Principal Parts of a Verb 1 st PRINCIPAL PART: 1 st person singular (“I”) present tense form (Ex. ambulō = I walk) 2 nd PRINCIPAL PART: present active infinitive, translated “to ______” (Ex. ambulāre = to walk) ambulō, ambulāre : to walk

87. How do we determine the conjugation number of a verb? Look to the vowel before the –re in the 2 nd principal part – If the vowel is ‘ā’ as in ‘amāre’, its 1 st conjugation – If the vowel is ‘ē’ as in ‘habēre’, its 2 nd conjugation – If the vowel is ‘e’ as in ‘dūcere’ its 3 rd regular conjugation – If the vowel is ‘e’ as in ‘capere’ AND the 1 st principal part ends in –iō (capiō) its 3 rd –iō conjugation – If the vowel is ‘ī’ as in ‘audīre’, its 4 th conjugation

88. Exerceāmus! Identify the conjugation number and Present Stem of the following verbs. 3 rd -ioface- 3 rd regularrege- 4 th venī- 1 st habitā- 2 nd vidē-

89. Conjugate amō, amāre in the present tense, active voice amō, amāre– I love, to love What conjugation number is it? _____ PRESENT amō amās amat amāmus amātis amant translation I love you love he/she loves we love you all love they love 1st

90. Conjugate habeō, habēre in the present tense, active voice habeō, habēre– I have, to have What conjugation number is it? _____ PRESENT habeō habēs habet habēmus habētis habent translation I have you have he/she has we have you all have they have 2 nd

91. Conjugate dūcō, dūcere in the present tense, active voice dūcō, dūcere– I lead, to lead What conjugation number is it? _____ PRESENT dūcō dūcis dūcit dūcimus dūcitis dūcunt translation I lead you lead he/she leads we lead you all lead they lead 3 rd reg Follow Rules i, ii, and iii and iv

92. Conjugate capiō, capere in the present tense, active voice capiō, capere– I take, to take What conjugation number is it? _____ PRESENT capiō capis capit capimus capitis capiunt translation I take you take he/she takes we take you all take they take 3 rd -io Follow Rules ii and iii

93. Conjugate audiō, audīre in the present tense, active voice audiō, audīre– I listen, to listen What conjugation number is it? _____ PRESENT audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis audiunt translation I hear you hear he/she hears we hear you all hear they hear 4 th Follow Rules ii and iii

94. Present Tense Verbs Practice Work independently on your ‘Present Tense Verbs Practice’ handout Use your 2 P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS handouts (in your Reference Information section) for help

95. Present Tense Verbs Practice I. Circle the correct form of the verb according to the subject of the sentence. 1. Vesta (habitō/habitās/habitat) in the hearth of the home. 2. Terra and Uranus (prōdūcunt/ prōdūcit/ prōdūcimus) many children. 3. We (amō/ amātis/ amāmus) Ceres because she gives us grain. 4. You (venis/ venit/ veniō) to Orcus, the Underworld, at the end of your life. 5. You all (capimus/ capiunt / capitis) the day by living your lives to the fullest.

96. 1.amō, amās, amat 1. habēs, habēmus, habent 1.prōdūcimus, prōdūcitis, prōdūcunt 1.venīs, venīmus, veniunt 1.capis, capitis, capimus I love, you love, he/she/it loves you have, we have, they have we produce, you all produce, they produce you arrive, we arrive, they arrive you take, you all take, we take Present Tense Verbs Practice

97. 1. I take = _________________________ 2. we have = _________________________ 3. you love = _________________________ 4. they lead = _________________________ 5. he hears = _________________________ capiō habēmus amās dūcunt audit Present Tense Verbs Practice

98. Present Active Endings Person and NumberPresent EndingTranslation 1 st person singularI _____, I am _____ing 2 nd person singularyou ______, you are _____ ing 3 rd person singularhe/she/it ________s, is _______ing 1 st person pluralwe ________, we are ______ing 2 nd person pluralyou all ________, are _______ing 3 rd person pluralthey ________, are ______ing -ō -s -t -mus -tis -(u)nt

99. Propositum: DWBAT identify the conjugation number of a verb and conjugate verbs in the present tense Facite Nunc: 1.Take the handout labeled “Present Tense Verbs: Conjugation Practice” 2.Keep your “Present Tense Verbs” Reference Info handout out/close by 1.Answer the following questions with your table members: 1.How do we determine the conjugation number of a verb? 2.How do we find the Present Stem of a verb? 3.For what conjugation does the Present Stem change when conjugating? PENSUM #15: Study for a Present Tense quiz on Monday. 9/27/13

100. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE ambulō, ambulāre: I walk, to walk Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 1st ambulā- ambulō ambulās ambulat ambulāmus ambulātis ambulant I walk you walk he/she/it walks we walk you all walk they walk

101. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE faciō, facere: I make, to make Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 3 rd -io face-  faci- faciō facis facit facimus facitis faciunt I make you make he/she/it makes we make you all make they make

102. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE audiō, audīre: I hear, to hear Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 4 th audī- audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis audiunt I hear you hear he/she/it hears we hear you all hear they hear

103. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE regō, regere: I rule, to rule Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 3 rd rege-  regi- regō regis regit regimus regitis regunt I rule you rule he/she/it rules we rule you all rule they rule

104. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE habeō, habēre: I have, to have Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 2 nd habē- habeō habēs habet habēmus habētis habent I have you have he/she/it has we have you all have they have

105. Propositum: DWBAT translate subjects, direct objects, and present tense verbs in context Facite Nunc: 1.Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz 2.Take a “Case of the Stolen Maiden” handout and snap it into your Homework section 3.After the quiz, take out your “Present Tense Verbs: Conjugation Practice” worksheet from Friday PENSUM #16: Translate lines 1-4 of “The Case of the Stolen Maiden” passage 9/30/13

106. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE habitō, habitāre: I live, to live Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 1 st habitā- habitō habitās habitat habitāmus habitātis habitant I live you live he/she/it lives we live you all live they live SCORING: 2 points per box – 1 for subject/ending, 1 for stem/verb definition 1 point for Conjugation number and Present Stem

107. P RESENT T ENSE V ERBS : C ONJUGATION P RACTICE capiō, capere: I take, to take Conjugation number: _____ Present Stem: ______ 3 rd -io capi- OR cape-  capi- capiō capis capit capimus capitis capiunt I take you take he/she/it takes we take you all take they take SCORING: 2 points per box – 1 for subject/ending, 1 for stem/verb definition 1 point for Conjugation number and Present Stem

108. Exerceāmus! Annotate and translate the following sentences into Latin. Refer to past notes for vocabulary assistance. 1.The god Jupiter rules the sky. deus Iuppiter regit.caelum Directions: Complete 2-5 with your table members. Refer to past notes for vocabulary help.

109. Exerceāmus! Annotate and translate the following sentences into Latin. Refer to past notes for vocabulary assistance. 2. The brother and sister live on an island. (island = insulā, -ae f.) 3.You arrive in the Underworld. 4.We see the land and fields. 5.They love to listen to the ocean.* *Use the word for “water’ germanus et germanahabitant. in insulā venis.in Orcō vidēmus. terrametagrōs amant.audīreaquam

110. “The Case of the Stolen Maiden” lines 1-4 1.Vocabulary 1.Who are the major characters in this passage? What is the setting? Do you see a theme in the type of words being used? 2.Annotation 1.Subject = 2.Direct object = 3.Verb = 4.Conjunction = 5.Adverb = 6.Adjective = 7.Prepositional phrase = 3.Translation

111. Propositum: DWBAT translate subjects, direct objects, and present tense verbs in context Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your “Case of the Stolen Maiden” handout and a red pen 2.Annotate the following words using TWO annotation symbols: 1.amō 2.venis 3.amant PENSUM #17: Re-write neatly and place your completed ‘Case of the Stolen Maiden’ translation into the HW section of your binder 10/1/13

112. “The Case of the Stolen Maiden’ Line 1: in agrō Prōserpina, filia Cereris, florēs carpit: Lines 2-3: “amō filiam, Prōserpinam! Prōserpina est filia optima!”, fēmina dīcit. Lines 3-4: puella matrem quoque amat. sed Prōserpina est sola in agrō et Plūto mātrimōnium cum pulchrā puellā cupit.

113. ‘The Case of the Stolen Maiden’ Line 1: in agrō Prōserpina, filia Cereris, florēs carpit: Lines 2-3 “amō filiam, Prōserpinam! Prōserpina est filia optima!”, fēmina dīcit. Lines 3-4: puella matrem quoque amat. sed Prōserpina est sola in agrō et Plūto mātrimōnium cum pulchrā puellā cupit. In a field Persephone, the daughter of Ceres, picks flowers: “I love (my) daughter, Persephone! Persephone is the best daughter!”, the woman says. The woman loves (her) mother also. But Persephone is alone in the field and Pluto wants marriage with (wants to marry) a beautiful girl.

114. Annotate and translate lines 5-9 Work independently Annotate each line before you translate

115. ‘The Case of the Stolen Maiden’ Line 5: Plūto Orcum regit. Plūto ex Orcō venit. Lines 5-6: ubi Prōserpina deum videt, monstrum videt. Line 6: deus puellam capit. Line 7: Cerēs filiam petit sed nōn invenit. Line 7: dea et filia lācrimant. Line 8: in Orcō, Plūto rēgnum puellae dat. Lines 8-9: deus Orcī Prōserpinam rēginam facit. Pluto rules the underworld. Pluto arrives/comes from the underworld. When Persephone sees the god, )she) sees a monster. The god takes (kidnaps) the girl. Ceres looks for (searches for) (her) daughter but does not find (her.) The goddess and (her) daughter cry. In the underworld, Pluto gives (his) kingdom to the girl. The god of the underworld makes Persephone (his) queen.

116. Plutō Proserpinam capit et puellam in Orcum dūcit.

117. Propositum: DWBAT identify nouns in the ablative case in prepositional phrases Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your homework for inspection 2.Take 2 handouts from the front of the room and place them into the appropriate sections of your binder 1.Vocabulary List 2.The Ablative Case PENSUM #18: Begin to study your Vocabulary List for your Midterm Exam next Wednesday 10/9 10/2/13

118. Vocabulary List: Term 1 Midterm Fill in the declension number of all of the nouns you see listed in the righthand column Fill in the conjugation number of all of the verbs you see listed in the righthand column

119. The Ablative Case The ablative case has many uses in Latin sentences The one we’ve seen is within a prepositional phrase – Ex. in the field, on the desk, by the door, through the street, across the ocean

120. The Ablative Case cum puellā pulchrā = __________________________ ex agrō = ___________________________________ in rēgnō = ___________________________________ What ENDINGS do you see on each of these nouns? 1 st declension fem. sing. = ___________ 2 nd declension masc. sing.= ____________ 2 nd declension neuter sing.= ____________ with a beautiful girl out of the field in the kingdom -ā -ō

121. The Ablative Case In the plural these phrases become… cum puellīs pulchrīs = ___________________________________ ex agrīs = ___________________________________ in rēgnīs = ___________________________________ – The plural ending for ALL GENDERS (fem., masc., neut.) is = ____________ with the beautiful girls out of the fields in the kingdoms -īs

122. Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate prepositional phrases in context Facite Nunc: 1.Take a ‘Seasons of Love’ handout from the front of the room and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder 2.Keep out your ‘Term 1 Vocabulary List: Midterm’ 1.Answer the following questions with your table members: 1.What case are nouns in when they are in prepositional phrases? 2.What are the singular endings for the 1 st and 2 nd declension in this case? 3.What is the plural ending for the 1 st AND 2 nd declension in this case? PENSUM #19: Complete your ‘Seasons of Love’ translation 10/3/13 Ablative 1 st sg. = -ā2 nd sg. = -ō 1 st and 2 nd pl. = -īs

123. Prepositions Come up with as many derivatives for these prepositions as you can think of

124. ‘Seasons of Love’ 1. sine filiā, Cerēs lacrimat et nōn frumenta crescere 2.sinit. Helios, deus solis, deam narrat ubi Proserpina est. 3.Cerēs irata est sine filiā, virī et fēminae iratī sine 4.frumentīs sunt. Iuppiter, rēx deōrum, Plutonem reddere 5.puellam iubet. 6. in rēgnō sub terrā, Pluto imperium Iovis audit. sed 7.prius granatum Prosepinae dat. Proserpina VI grana 8.consumit. quod deī puellās vivās in Orcō nōn cibum 9.consumere sinunt, Hermes Proserpinam punit. 10. Proserpina in terrā cum Cerere VI mensibus vivit, sub 11.terrā cum virō VI mensibus vivit. ubi filia cum Cerere est, 12.frumenta crescunt. ubi Proserpina cum deō in Orcō est, 13.frumenta nōn crescunt.

125. ‘Seasons of Love’ passage Annotate the passage Write your translation on the lines below Consult your Vocabulary List for any words you do not see in your vocabulary box

126. ‘Seasons of Love’ 1.sine filiā, Cerēs lacrimat et nōn frumenta crescere sinit. 2.Helios, deus solis, deam narrat ubi Proserpina est. 3.Cerēs irata est sine filiā, virī et fēminae iratī sine frumentīs sunt. 4.Iuppiter, rēx deōrum, Plutonem reddere puellam iubet. Without (her) daughter, Ceres cries and does not allow crops/grains to grow. Helios, the god of the sun, tells the goddess where Proserpina is. Ceres is angry without (her) daughter, men and women are angry without crops. Jupiter, king of the gods, orders Pluto to return the girl.

127. Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate prepositional phrases in context Facite Nunc: 1.Take a ‘Prepositional Phrases’ handout from the computer table 2.Take out your ‘Seasons of Love’ translation for inspection and a red pen for correction 3.With your table members discuss 1.Were there any sentences in this passage that were difficult to translate? Which ones? PENSUM #20: Study for a prepositional phrases QUIZ on MONDAY. 10/4/13

128. ‘Seasons of Love’ 5.in rēgnō sub terrā, Pluto imperium Iovis audit. 6.sed prius granatum Prosepinae dat. 6.Proserpina VI grana consumit. 6.quod deī puellās vivās in Orcō nōn cibum consumere sinunt, Hermes Proserpinam punit. In the kingdom beneath the earth, Pluto hears the order of Jupiter. But first he gives Proserpina a pomegranate. Proserpina eats 6 seeds. Because the gods do not allow living girls to eat food in the underworld, Hermes punishes Proserpina.

129. ‘Seasons of Love’ 9. Proserpina in terrā cum Cerere VI mensibus vivit, sub terrā cum virō VI mensibus vivit. 10.ubi filia cum Cerere est, frumenta crescunt. 11.ubi Proserpina cum deō in Orcō est, frumenta nōn crescunt. Proserpina lives for 6 months on the land/earth with (her) mother, (and) she lives for 6 months beneath the earth with (her) husband. When (her) daughter is with Ceres, the crops grow. When Proserpina is in the underworld with the god, crops do not grow.

130. Prepositions PREPOSITIONS are words (or phrases) that show ______________, _______________ or a _______________ to another word in the sentence. The noun (or pronoun) that follows the PREPOSITION is called the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION. Together the _______________________ and the _______________________ (and any other modifiers) form a ______________________________________. locationmovement relationship preposition object of a preposition prepositional phrase

131. Object of a Preposition Consider the following English examples: I love my sister. She is great, but I don’t have much in common (with _____). Cicero was a great Roman orator. He wrote many speeches and letters, and we know a lot (about _____). In Latin, the O.P. will either be in the ACCUSATIAVE or ABLATIVE case. vir (in villā) habitat. [villā = ABLATIVE] fēmina (ad aquam) currit. [aquam = ACCUSATIVE] her him

132. Prepositional Phrase Prepositional phrases give more information about some part of the clause. The gods live _____ Olympus. – What word or words could fill the blank? – What is the PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE? – What does it modify? The gods have dominion ______mankind. – What word or words could fill the blank? – What is the PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE? – What does it modify? on on, in on Olympus live  the verb over over mankind dominion  direct object

133. Exerceāmus! and Ludus Complete the Execeāmus! and Ludus sections on line 2 with your table members

134. Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate prepositional phrases in context Facite Nunc: 1.Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz 2.Once the quiz is over, take out your Prepositional Phrases handout 3.With your table members review 1.Prepositions are words or phrases which show _________, _________ or a _________ to another word in the sentence. 2.The noun that follows a preposition is called _________________. 3.A preposition + an O.P. = __________________ PENSUM #21: Study for your Midterm exam on WEDNESDAY 10/7/13 location movement relationship object of a preposition prepositional phrase

135. R6 Contact Info Write your e-mail address on a post-it and return your Discipulus/a Contact Info sheet IMMEDIATELY! Nayely Joey Kevin Tafari Ralph- e-mail

136. Exerceāmus! (Let’s practice!) Put parentheses around all prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Identify which part of the clause is being modified. Jupiter takes Juno for his wife. _____________ Jupiter and Juno have one son, Mars, who is the god of war. ____________ Jupiter has many other children with goddesses and mortal women. ___________ Jupiter in disguise approaches and seduces women. ___________ Juno  direct object god  predicate nominative children  direct object Jupiter  subject

137. Turn to your ‘Clash of the Titans’ handout in your Class Notes Section 1. The siblings have 3 kingdoms. _____________________________________________________ 2. The gods fight in war*. (*What ending do you think this word should have?) _____________________________________________________ 3. The woman prepares a stone. (saxum, saxī n. stone) _____________________________________________________ 4. The goddesses love their own kingdom. _____________________________________________________ 5. The children want water. _____________________________________________________ germanī III rēgna habent. deī in bellō pugnant. fēmina saxum parat. deae suum rēgnum amant. filiī aquam cupiunt.

138. Propositum: DWBAT complete a practice exam in order to review Facite Nunc: 1.Take a ‘Term 1 Midterm Study Guide’ and put it into the Reference Info section of your binders 2.Take a ‘Term 1 Midterm Practice Exam’ and put it into the Class Notes section of your binders 3.Read over and annotate your Study Guide and be ready to ask clarifying questions PENSUM #22: Bring home your binder to study for your Midterm exam on WEDNESDAY 10/8/13

139. Midterm Exam Format 1 Latin passage approx. 10 lines long – 15 multiple choice questions on grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension – 2-3 sentences to annotate and translate – 2 verbs to conjugate (from your Vocabulary List)

140. Term 1 Midterm Practice Exam Silently and independently work on your Practice Exam When you are done, raise your hand to receive your answer key If you have time remaining, translate the passage in full on looseleaf

141. Term 1 Midterm Exam Take out a pencil/pen for your exam Your table should be clear and all binders/papers should be away You have the entire recitation for your exam Check the Vocabulary box for helpful information! Bonam fortūnam!

142. Propositum: DWBAT translate sentences without nominative subjects Facite Nunc: 1.Take an ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ text and place it into the Class Notes section of your binder 2.Begin to annotate the passage for: 1.Subjects = circle (nominatives AND verb endings) 2.Direct objects = box 3.Verbs = underline 4.Prepositional Phrases = parentheses PENSUM #23: Translate and annotate your ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ text in full 10/10/13

143. How should we annotate and translate this sentence? cum amīcīs nympha silvam regit. virōs nōn amat et mātrimōnium nōn amat. The nymph rules the forest with (her) friends. SHE does not love men and SHE does not love marriage. NOTES: When sentences do not contain nominative subjects, we must look to the ending of the verb, and sometimes the previous sentence, to fill in a subject for our translation.

144. E XERCEĀMUS ! The following sentences do not have nominative subjects. Circle the ending of the verb and/or look to the previous sentence to deterimine the subject and then translate the sentence in full. a. in oppidō in Asiā habitat. (line 1)subject = Translation : b. operās pulchrās facit. (line 2) subject = Translation : operās bonās facis, sed sī deōs non timēs, perīculum invenīs. (lines 7- 8) subjects (3 verbs) = Translation : d. itaque arāneas ‘Arachnidēs’ vocāmus. subject = Translation : habitat  she She lives in a town in Asia. facit  she She makes beautiful works. facis  youtimēs  youinvenīs  you You make good workds, but if you do not fear the gods, you (will) find danger. vocāmus  we And so we call spiders ‘Arachnids’.

145. ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ Annotate and translate this passage in full Write out the final draft of your translate on the lines on the back of the page

146. Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate nouns in the genitive case Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ homework for inspection 1.Take a ‘Genitive Case’ handout from the front 2.Turn to pg. 2 of your ‘Genitive Case’ handout and examine the vocabulary. Write down the conjugation number of each verb and declension number of each noun. PENSUM #24: HW Handout #24 10/11/13

147. When we see nouns listed in our vocabulary sections, they are listed in the following way: deus, -ī m. god ‘deus’ is the _________ _________ form of the word ‘-ī’ tells us the __________________ ending of the word (ex. deī) ‘m.’ gives us the _______________ of the word (ex. masculine) ‘god’ is the ___________________ of the word (the word in italics) nominativesingular GENITIVE gender definition

148. The GENITIVE Case We’ve seen the GENITIVE case before in phrases like: fama Siciliae est magna = the fame ____ Sicily was great We TRANSLATE the genitive case with the word/letter: _______________ or _____________ The GENITIVE case is used to show ___________________ with another NOUN. OF ‘s/s’ possession

149. Exerceāmus! Read, ANNOTATE, & translate the following sentences. The Latin words in italics are in the GENITIVE CASE. For each, consider how this new case is used. What is the best translation? CAPITALIZE your translation of the GENITIVE. I. nympha Thetis est fīlia Nēreī. Translation: _____________________________________________ II. Thetis est nympha aquae. Translation: ____________________________________________ III. deī et deae ad nuptiās nymphae et Pēleī veniunt. Translation: ______________________________________________ The nymph Thetis is the daughter of Nereus. Thetis is a nymph of the water. The gods and goddesses come to the wedding of the nymph and Peleus/the nymph and Peleus’ wedding.

150. IV. in medium nuptiārum Discordia mālum iacit. Translation: _____________________________________ V. trēs deārum mālum cupiunt. Translation: _______________________________________ Exerceāmus! Read, ANNOTATE, & translate the following sentences. The Latin words in italics are in the GENITIVE CASE. For each, consider how this new case is used. What is the best translation? CAPITALIZE your translation of the GENITIVE. Discord throws an apple into the middle/midst of the wedding. 3 of the goddesses want the apple.

151. NOUN ENDINGS CHARTS DIRECTIONS: Fill in the following charts with ALL case endings for the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd declensions. SOME of the GENITIVE endings have been supplied for you- fill in the rest based on the sentences you just translated. -ae-ārum -ī

152. Propositum: DWBAT find the stem of a noun and decline and translate nouns in the 1 st and 2 nd declensions Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Exerceāmus’ HW #24 assignment for inspection and correction 1.Take a ‘Noun Stem and the Genitive Case’ handout from the front 2.Complete pg. 1 using your notes from Friday 10/11 PENSUM #25 (Due Thursday): ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ annotation and translation 10/15/13

153. The Genitive Case The genitive case is used to show POSSESSION How is the GENITIVE CASE translated? ___________________________ How is the GENITIVE annotated? _________________________ of/ ‘s or s’

154. NOUN ENDINGS CHARTS DIRECTIONS: Fill in the following charts with ALL case endings for the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd declensions. -ae-ārum -ī aquae nuptiārumNereī Peleī

155. Noun Stem Genitive sg. form – gen. sg. ending – Ex. umbrae - -ae = umbr- – factī - -ī = fact- – domīnī - -ī = domīn- Noun stem + ending = form – Ex. umbr- + -a = umbra (nom. sing. form)

156. Homework Review Decline the following nouns in all four cases you’ve learned so far. a ae am ā ae ārum ās īs

157. Exerceāmus! Write in the declension and stem of each word, then decline and translate each form. Complete the declensions and translations for the following nouns on pg. 3 – rēgina, rēginae f. queen – rēgulus, rēgulī m. prince – rēgnum, rēgnī n. kingdom, kingship When you are done, raise your hand to get a check from me. Then you may move forward to your HW (‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess Translation’) – Add the word servō, servāre: to save, serve

158. R1 Term 1 Midterm Exam Results Summa cum laude (95+) Mirielle Carlene Reema Izabella Mohammed S. Paul P. Abby

159. R6 Term 1 Midterm Exam Results Summa cum laude (95+) William Nayely Paul Coco Wuraola

160. R9 Term 1 Midterm Exam Results Summa cum laude (95+) Anik Keri Munir Robin

161. R9 Contact Info Dontae Minhazul

162. Propositum: DWBAT find the stem of a noun and decline and translate nouns in the 1 st and 2 nd declensions Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your Class Notes handout from yesterday ‘Noun Stem and the Genitive Case’ 1.If you did not receive a red check on your work on pg. 3, bring your work up to me for a check 1.Take out your Term 1 Midterm Exam 1.With your table members, choose 1-2 multiple choice questions you’d like to review as a class PENSUM #25 (Due Thursday): ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ annotation and translation 10/16/13

163. Term 1 Multiple Choice Review With your table members, choose 1-2 multiple choice questions you’d like to review as a class – These should be questions you answered incorrectly and still have questions/confusion about

164. ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ Translation and Annotation – You now have time to work on your HW due tomorrow Annotate for subject, direct objects, verbs, prepositional phrases, and genitives – Add the word servō, servāre: to save, serve

165. Propositum: DWBAT find the stem of a noun and decline and translate nouns in the 1 st and 2 nd declensions Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ annotation and translation for inspection 2.Take a ‘Noun Stem’ handout from the front 1.Fill in all blanks on side 1 of your handout PENSUM #26 (Due Monday): ‘The Judgment of Paris’ annotation and translation 10/17/13

166. N OUN S TEM The noun stem is the form to which all endings are added when declining a noun. To decline a noun is to change its form according to case (___________, __________, ____________, ___________) and number (__________or _______). nominativegenitive accusativeablative singular plural

167. Find the noun stem of the following words, and then give the case/number combination listed: 1.terra, terrae f. earth, land a)Noun Stem: b)nom. pl. : 2.signum, signī n. sign a)Noun Stem: b)nom. pl. : 3.servus, servī m. slave a)Noun Stem: b)acc. sg. : 4.facula, faculae f. torch a)Noun Stem: b)abl. pl. : 5.somnus, somnī m. dream a)Noun Stem: b)abl. sg. : terr- terrae sign- signa serv- servum facul- faculīs somn- somnō

168. “O LYMPUS ’ N EXT T OP G ODDESS ” ( LINES 1-3) Lines 1-2: in somnīs Hecuba, rēgīna Trōiae et mater Alexandrī, signum deōrum videt: Line 2:faculam claram flammīs creat. Line 3:rēgulus Aesacus signum intellegit: Line 3:‘ob fīlium Trōia occidet.’ In (her) dreams Hecuba, the queen of Troy and the mother of Paris, sees a sign of the gods: She gives birth to a bright torch with flames. Prince Aesacus recognizes the sign: ‘Troy will fall on account of (your) son’.

169. Line 4:nec Priamus nec Hecuba filium interficere cupit, Lines 4-5: itaque servus eum ad Īdam portat et ibi reliquit. Line 6:fīlius nōn cadit, quod eum ursa servat. Lines 6-8: ubi servus rēvenit, tamen eum vīvum invenit et eum in tectō velut fīlium suum alit. “O LYMPUS ’ N EXT T OP G ODDESS ” ( LINES 4-8) Neither Priam nor Hecuba want to kill (their) son, and so a slave carries him to Mt. Ida and abandons (him) there. The son does not die, because a female bear saves him. When the slave returns, he finds him still living and rears him in (his) home just as (if) (he were) his own son.

170. Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify ablative of means nouns Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Wedding of Peleus and Thetis’ translation for inspection and correction 1.Take an ‘Ablative of Means’ handout and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder 1.Take a ‘Term 1 Vocabulary List: Translatio’ and put it into the Vocabulary section of your binder 1.Fill in the DECLENSION number of each noun and the CONJUGATION number of each verb in the right-hand column of your Vocabulary List PENSUM #27: Noun stem and declension quiz WEDNESDAY (see notes from 10/15, 10/17) 10/21/13

171. ‘T HE W EDDING OF P ELEUS AND T HETIS ’ Lines 1: Thetis est nympha aquae. Lines 1-2: avus, deus Prōteus, ōrāculum dīcit: Line 2: ‘fīlium creābis et fīlius patrem vincet.’ Lines 3-4: Iuppiter nympham amat, sed Thetis eum (cum) verbīs ōrāculāriīs terret; Line 4: itaque deus in matrimōnium Pēleī dūcit. Line 5: Pēleus nōn est deus sed vir. Thetis is a nymph of the water. (Her) grandfather, the god Proteus, speaks (gives) a prophecy: ‘You will give birth to a son and (your) son will conquer (his) father.’ Jupiter loves the nymph but Thetis frightens him with the prophetic words; And so the god leads (her) into Peleus’ marriage (marriage with Peleus) Peleus is not a god but a man.

172. Lines 6-7:deī et deae ad nuptiās veniunt, sed deam Discordiam nōn invītant. Lines 7-8:ubi dea ad Olympum venit, deī eam ā nuptiīs āvertunt. Line 8:dea īrāta consilium capit: Lines 8-9:“discordiam in animōs virōrum et fēminārum agere cupiō. ‘T HE W EDDING OF P ELEUS AND T HETIS ’ The gods and goddesses come to the wedding, but they do not invite the goddess Discord. When the goddess come to Mt. Olympus, the gods turn her away from the wedding. The angry goddess seizes (forms) a plan: “I want to drive conflict/animosity into the minds of men and women.

173. Line 9:ex aurō mālum faciō. Line 10:(cum) mālō nuptiās pervertere possum.” Line 11-12:ad Olympum revenit et mālum in medium nuptiārum iacit. Line 12: in mālō aureō est verbum: ‘PULCHERRIMAE.’ ‘T HE W EDDING OF P ELEUS AND T HETIS ’ I (will) make an apple out of gold. I (will be) able to ruin the wedding with an apple.” (She) returns to Olympus and throws an apple into the middle of the wedding. On the golden apple is the word ‘TO THE FAIREST’.

174. Ablative of Means Up until now, we’ve only seen the ABLATIVE case used in prepositional phrases: Ex. in rēgnō = in the kingdom sub terrā = underneath the earth cum amīcīs = with friends

175. However, the ABLATIVE CASE can ALSO be used without a preposition. For example, look at the following sentence from “T HE W EDDING OF P ELEUS AND T HETIS ” Line 10: mālō nuptiās pervertere possum. = I am able to ruin the wedding _____ an apple. What word should be used to translate the ABLATIVE noun mālō? ______________ Ablative of Means with

176. A noun in the ABLATIVE CASE can be used without a preposition to express the MEANS or INSTRUMENT by which the action is done. This noun is always an OBJECT or ABSTRACT noun. Ablative of Means The ABLATIVE OF MEANS can be translated with the English prepositions: ______________________________________________________________ bywithinon from BWIOF

177. Exerceāmus! ANNOTATE & translate the sentences. Identify the ablative of means word in each sentence Choose the best English preposition (BWIOF) to translate it based on CONTEXT Translate the sentence in full

178. Exerceāmus! 1. Plūto rōtīs ex terrā venit. [rotae, -ārum, f.pl. chariot (lit. wheels)] a)Ablative of Means noun= ____________ b)English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________ c)Sentence Translation: _____________________________________________ rōtīs on/in Pluto comes out of the earth on a chariot/wheels.

179. Exerceāmus! 2. verbīs nympha deum terret. a)Ablative of Means noun= ____________ b)English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________ c)Sentence Translation: _____________________________________________ verbīs with The nymph frightens the god with words.

180. Exerceāmus! 3.Rhea virum saxō fallit. [fallō, -ere, fefellī deceive] a)Ablative of Means noun= ____________ b)English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means noun = _________ c)Sentence Translation: _____________________________________________ saxō by/with Rhea deceives (her) husband with/by (means of) a stone.

181. Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate a passage in groups using group work roles and norms Facite Nunc: 1.Take an ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess Part II’ handout and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder 1.Keep out your ‘Ablative of Means’ handout from yesterday for inspection PENSUM #27: Noun stem and declension quiz TOMORROW (see notes from 10/15, 10/17, 10/22) 10/22/13

182. “O LYMPUS ’ N EXT T OP G ODDESS ” P ART II Group Translation 1 person will lead in reference/vocabulary – “This word means ______as we can see from the Term 1 Midterm/Translatiō Vocabulary List” – “This word is the _____ gender” – “That is an accusative plural ending as we can see from the chart of noun endings on the Genitive Case handout “ 1 person will lead in annotation – “We should circle this word as the subject because it has a nominative ending” – “Let’s parenthesize in regnō because it’s a prepositional phrase” 1-2 people will lead in translation – “Since _____ is the subject, our translation should start off with this word. ‘The nymph…’” – “Now lets translate the verb. ‘The nymph is….’”

183. ‘“O LYMPUS ’ N EXT T OP G ODDESS ” P ART II ’ Annotate for: – Subject (and verb ending) – Direct object – Verb – Prepositional phrase – Genitive nouns Translate on the space below

184. Quiz 7 PRACTICE: Noun Declensions DIRECTIONS: Write in the declension and stem of each word. Then decline the noun in Latin and translate each form into English. 2nd sign- signum the/a sign signī of the sign signum (verb) the sign signō BWIOF the sign signathe signs of the signs signa (verb) the signs signīsBWIOF the signs

185. Quiz 7 PRACTICE: Noun Declensions DIRECTIONS: Write in the declension and stem of each word. Then decline the noun in Latin and translate each form into English. 2nd agr- ager the/a field agrī of the field agrum (verb) the field agrō BWIOF the field agrīthe fields of the fields agrōs (verb) the fields agrīsBWIOF the fields ager, agrī m. field agrōrum

186. Quiz 7 PRACTICE: Noun Declensions DIRECTIONS: Write in the declension and stem of each word. Then decline the noun in Latin and translate each form into English. 1 st puell- puella the/a girl puellae of the girl puellam (verb) the girl puellā BWIOF the girl puellaethe girls of the girls puellās (verb) the girls puellīsBWIOF the girls puella, puellae f. girl puellārum

187. What father of Jupiter was deceived by his wife into eating a stone in place of his child? Name another one of the children of Cronus and Rhea CRONUS/SATURNUS Juno/Hera, Pluto/Hades, Vesta/Hestia, Ceres/Demeter, Neptune/Poseidon What is the name given to this group of children, based on the name of the mountain on which they live? The Olympians

188. TBLS Certamen Club Interested in mythology? Like answering competitive questions about ancient history and culture? Want to learn more about Latin in an informal setting? Want to take a trip to Y ALE U NIVERSITY ? Come to an informational CERTAMEN meeting tomorrow at 2:45 in room 102.

189. Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate a passage in groups using group work roles and norms Facite Nunc: 1.Take out your ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess Part II’ handout 1.Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz PENSUM #28: Ablative of Means quiz FRIDAY (see notes from 10/21) 10/23/13

190. Quiz 7: Noun Declension Find the declension number, stem of each noun List all forms in each case/number combination Translate all forms

191. “O LYMPUS ’ N EXT T OP G ODDESS ” P ART II Group Translation 1 person will lead in reference/vocabulary – “This word means ______as we can see from the Term 1 Midterm/Translatiō Vocabulary List” – “This word is the _____ gender” – “That is an accusative plural ending as we can see from the chart of noun endings on the Genitive Case handout “ 1 person will lead in annotation – “We should circle this word as the subject because it has a nominative ending” – “Let’s parenthesize in regnō because it’s a prepositional phrase” 1-2 people will lead in translation – “Since _____ is the subject, our translation should start off with this word. ‘The nymph…’” – “Now lets translate the verb. ‘The nymph is….’”

192. ‘“O LYMPUS ’ N EXT T OP G ODDESS ” P ART II ’ Annotate for: – Subject (and verb ending) – Direct object – Verb – Prepositional phrase – Genitive nouns I will collect 1 annotation and translation PER GROUP by the end of the period to be graded.

193. Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate verbs in the imperfect tense Facite Nunc: 1.Take an ‘Imperfect Tense’ handout from the front 2.Write out and annotate this English sentence on a sheet of looseleaf: – Paris wants to marry Helen, but she already married Menelaus 3.ALL TABLES except for 3 and 4 must turn in their group work translation from yesterday IMMEDIATELY PENSUM #29: Complete your Imperfect Tense handout in full. Ablative of Means quiz TOMORROW (see notes from 10/21) 10/24/13

194. Annotate: Paris wants to marry Helen, but she already married Menelaus What are the two CONJUGATED verbs in this sentence? What is the difference in the TIME in which the verbs take place? The time when a verb happens is called its TENSE. wants, married wants = present time married = past time

195. An Introduction to TENSE The TENSE of a verb not only tells the TIME it takes place (past, present, or future) but also... the ASPECT How does the verb happen? (simple? progressive/repeated? completed? emphatic?) PRESENT TIME – SIMPLE: I walk. Does not tell HOW the action happens. – PROGRESSIVE: I am walking. Emphasizes the action IN PROGRESS. – EMPHATIC: I do walk. Emphasizes the occurrence of the action. – COMPLETED: I have walked. Indicated the action is COMPLETED. PAST TIME – SIMPLE: I learned. – PROGRESSIVE: I was learning. – EMPHATIC: I did learn. – COMPLETED: I had learned.

196. The IMPERFECT Tense in Latin So far, we have only had verbs in the PRESENT TENSE. The present tense in Latin is in present TIME and has SIMPLE, PROGRESSIVE, or EMPHATIC aspect: e.g. amō means I love, I am loving, or I do love. The IMPERFECT TENSE in Latin means PAST TIME and PROGRESSIVE aspect: e.g. amābam translates to – I was loving. The action was IN PROGRESS in the past. – I used to love. The action happened REPEATEDLY in the past. The IMPERFECT TENSE is marked by the TENSE SIGN –bā- or –ēbā-. This is an INFIX, or letter combination that appears in the middle of a word. The verb est (he/she/it is) and sunt (they are) are IRREGULAR. Their imperfect equivalents are erat (he/she/it was) and erant (they were).

197. Daphne and Apollo Annotate and translate on looseleaf the passage ‘Daphne and Apollo’ on pg. 2 – servō, servāre: to save, protect, preserve Look out for the IMPERFECT TENSE verbs and list them below the Latin passage – What INFIX are you looking for to identify an IMPERFECT TENSE verb?

198. MEDITATIO Find, list, and translate all verbs from the passage that are in the IMPERFECT TENSE. – ______________________ – ______________________(x 2) – ______________________ ______________________ – ______________________ erat agitābat amābat servābat spectābat cūpiēbat he/she/it was he/she/it was hunting, used to hunt he/she/it was loving, used to love he/she/it was saving, used to save he/she/it was watching, used to watch he/she/it was wanting, used to want

199. Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate verbs in the imperfect tense Facite Nunc: 1.Take an ‘Forming the Imperfect Tense’ handout from the front 2.Take out your HW for inspection and correction and turn to pg. 2 3.Ablative of Means quiz postponed until WEDNESDAY PENSUM #30: Study ALL notes and your Term 1 Vocabulary Lists: Midterm and Translatio for your Translatio on TUESDAY 10/25/13

200. What patterns do you notice about how the infix according to the conjugation number of the verb? Ivocā-bat h/s/I was calling, h/s/I used to call IIIdūc-ēba nt they were leading, they used to lead IV audi-ēbā mus we were hearing, we used to hear

201. Imperfect Tense Formation

202. Exerceāmus! Conjugate and translate Finish sides 1 and 2 of your worksheet in full Raise your hand for a check of your work when you are done habēbās you were having, you used to have habēbat h/s/i/ was having, h/s/I used to have habēbāmus we were having, we used to have habēbātis you all were having, you all used to have habēbant they were having, they used to have

203. Propositum: DWBAT complete a practice Translatiō exam in order to assess their skills and content knowledge for the upcoming assessment Facite Nunc: 1.Take a ‘Term 1 Practice Translatio’ packet from the front and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders 2.Turn to pg. 3 and read and annotate (highlight important information, write questions) the Translatiō rubric PENSUM #31: Study ALL notes and your Term 1 Vocabulary Lists: Midterm and Translatio for your Translatio TOMORROW 10/28/13

204. Translatiō Exam (20% of Term Grade) You have the entire recitation to complete the exam Annotation is STRONGLY encouraged but will not be graded This is exam is designed to assess your present level of skill in translation in grammar (50%), vocabulary (25%) and semantics (25%).

205. Ulixes ingeniōsus, vir insūlae Ithacae, ā tectō et ā fēminā et ā puerō discēdere nōn optābat. BAD semantics: Ulysses clever, man of island of Ithaca, from home and from wife and from boy to leave was not wanting. BAD vocabulary: Ingenious Ulysses, the master of the town of Ithaca, was not trying to run away from (his) tent and from (his) female and (his) puddle. BAD grammar: The islands of Ithaca do not want the man, clever Ulysses, to leave from (his) home and from (his) wife and from (his) boy. GOOD semantics, vocabulary and grammar: The clever Ulysses, a man of the island of Ithaca, was not wanting to depart from (his) home and from (his) wife and (his) boy.

206. Term 1 Practice Translatio Silently and independently complete your practice translatiō exam – You should aim to get through line 7 You may use your notes to look up information, but make a note to study anything you find yourself looking up tonight

207. Lines 2-3: itaque consilium capit et dīcit: Lines 3-5:‘meum familiam esse solam nōn optō quod Helena ā virō, Menelāō, discedēbat. Lines 5-6:ubi Graecī cum Trōiānīs bellum gerunt, in tectō maneō. Lines 6-7:sī Graecī mē insanum vident, ad Trōiam nōn mittent.’ Term 1 Practice Translatio ANSWER KEY And so/therefore he seizes (forms/makes/creates) a plan and says: ‘I do not want my family to be alone because Helen was departing/leaving from her man (husband), Menelaus. When the Greeks wage war with the Trojans, I (will) remain/stay in (my) home. If the Greeks see me (as) insane, they will not send me to Troy.’

208. Lines 8-9: ubi nūntius Graecōrum Ulixem petit, virum insanum videt. Lines 9-10:Ulixes agrōs arābat et agrōs micīs salis serēbat. Lines 10-11:nūntius puerum capit et eum in viā aratrī ponit. Term 1 Practice Translatio ANSWER KEY When a messenger of the Greeks seeks Ulysses, he sees an insane man. Ulysses was plowing fields and was sowing the fields with grains of salt. The messenger seizes the boy and places him in the path of the plough.

209. Binder Check Make sure you have the following worksheets: – Term 1 Vocabulary List: Midterm – Term 1 Vocabulary List: Translatiō – Midterm Study Guide If you need any copies, come pick them up from me in Room 103

210. Term 1 TRANSLATIŌ EXAM You have the entire recitation to complete your exam The first and last lines (which are underlined) have been translated for you You may work in pencil You may detach your text from your answer page, but if you do write your name on BOTH pages If you finish early, hand in your exam and take out non Latin related work Bonam fortūnam!

211. Propositum: DWBAT identify and practice skills and content that will appear on the Term 1 IA Exam Facite Nunc: 1.Take a 1.‘Term 1 IA Study Guide’ packet 2.‘Term 1 IA Exercises’ packet 2.Read through the Term 1 IA Study Guide and annotate for 1.Most important content to study 2.Clarifying questions on format/content PENSUM #32: Complete ‘Term 1 IA Exercises’ packet in full 10/30/13

212. Term 1 Latin IA Thursday morning November 7 th at 8 AM Exam will last 2 hours 15 minutes The exam is designed to take approx. 1 hour 40 minutes You will be responsible for all content and skills listed within your Study Guide packet

213. Format of the IA The IA is the SAME format as the MIDTERM EXAM—only longer, and with the addition of Section C: Section A:Multiple-Choice (30 questions) Section B:Translation (3 sentences) Section C:Reading Comprehension (3-5 short answer questions)

214. Term 1 IA Exercises Packet Work with your table members to complete your Exercises packet DO NOT use your notes The table to complete their work with the most accuracy and speed will earn 3 FACTIONES points!

215. 7) The baby was a boy. Choose the Latin. (a) puer(b) puerī (c) puerum (d) puerō

216. 9) vir ________ timēbat. Fill in the blank. (a) orāculum(b) orāculī (c) orāculō (d) orāculōrum

217. 11) dea ad ________ currit. Fill in the blank. (a) Olympus(b) Olympum (c) Olympō (d) Olympī

218. Propositum: DWBAT identify and practice skills and content that will appear on the Term 1 IA Exam Facite Nunc: 1.Take a T ERM 1 I NTERIM A SSESSMENT Practice TEXT: The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives’ 2.Annotate for verbs only, circling endings PENSUM #33: Complete your translation of ‘The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives’ 10/30/13

219. Conjugating the IMPERFECT tense To conjugate an imperfect tense verb: 1.Find the present stem (2 nd PP – ‘re’) 2.Add the infix (bā for 1 st and 2 nd conjugations, - ēbā- for 3 rd, 3 rd –io and 4 th ) 3.Add personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt) dare – ‘re’ = da- -bā- dabam dabas da bat dabamus dabatis dabant I was giving, I used to give you were giving, you used to give he/she/it was giving, used to give we were giving, we used to give you all were giving, you all used to give they were giving, they used to give

220. The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives CONTEXT: – Who are the main characters in this passage? What is the conflict? Pre-reading: – Why is this titled ‘III Perspectives’? Whose perspectives are being given? – Given the quotations, what person and number verbs do you expect to see appear a lot?

221. Propositum: DWBAT identify and practice skills and content that will appear on the Term 1 IA Exam Facite Nunc: 1.Take a T ERM 1 I NTERIM A SSESSMENT Practice Test: Multiple Choice and Reading Comprehension 2.Take out your ‘Term 1 IA Practice TEXT: The Abduction of Proserpina’ for inspection 1.You will receive an answer key for the translation PENSUM #34: Complete your ‘Term 1 IA Practice 11/1/13

222. The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives Annotation Key 1.Plūto: ‘puellam vidēbam et nunc eam cupiēbam.’ 2. Prōserpina: ‘flosculōs carpēbam. ubi deum et rōtās vidēbam, timēbam.’ 3.Cerēs: ‘fīliam meam nōn spectābam. in Olympō eram. in agrō cum amīcīs 4.Prōserpina erat.’ 5.Plūto: ‘Prōserpinam in Orcum capiēbam et eam in matrimōnium dūcēbam. 6.in rēgnō meō habitābāmus, dominus et rēgīna.’ 7.Prōserpina: ‘matrem meam et caelum clārum cupiō.’ 8.Cerēs: ‘dea magna sum et fīliam meam amittō. Iuppiter germānum capere 9.fīliam meam sinit, itaque terram prodūcere frūmentum nōn sinō.’

223. 10. Iuppiter virōs iēiūnōs et fēminās et filiōs vidēbat, itaque consilium 11.novum capit. Prōserpinam reddere optābat, itaque ad Orcum Mercurium 12.mittit. interim sub terrā Prōserpina erat iēiūna et cibum cupiēbat. Plūto Prōserpinae 13.grānātum dat et dea pauca grāna consumit. ubi Mercurius ad Cerērem 14.Prōserpinam reddēbat, ob grāna dea in terrā manēre nōn poterat. 15.in annō, Prōserpina sub terrā cum Plūtone et sub caelō cum Cerēre habitat. The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives Annotation Key

224. T ERM 1 I NTERIM A SSESSMENT Practice Test: Multiple Choice and Reading Comprehension Answer Section B: Multiple Choice (Questions 1-20) – All questions refer to the text – The sentence(s) each question refers to will be listed before the questions appear. Your answers should be based on the words in those sentences ONLY. Answer Section C: Reading Comprehension (Questions 1-3) – Answer using evidence from the passage and cite line numbers (Ex. Ceres does not allow the earth to produce grain because …. (lines __ to ___)

225. Term 1 IA Practice Test: Multiple-Choice ANSWER KEY 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D

226. Translatiō Results: R1 Summa cum Laude (95+) Daniel Izabella Mirielle Magna cum Laude (90+) Janice Loanni Reema Kiara Paul P

227. Translatiō Results: R6 Summa cum Laude (95+) Netanya Nayely Emma Wuraola Charlene Coco Magna cum Laude (90+) Corey Paul Ralph

228. Translatiō Results: R9 Summa cum Laude (95+) Anik Keri Naveed Magna cum Laude (90+) Robin Sarah