1. EARLY KINGDOMS OF AFRICA

2. First Block Good morning! Happy Tuesday! Come in, go to your seat and silently find something to work on. If you do not have homework to complete, grab a book! We can always improve our reading skills I should not hear anyone voices from out in the hallway. GET READY TO LEARN!!

3. Do Now! Write down everything you know about Africa from or own knowledge or what we have learned about this year. *Hints- African Slave Trade, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Great Zimbabwe You should be writing the entire 10 minutes!! We will then share out some answers.

4. Ancient West African Empires http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29494-assignment- discovery-empires-in-africa-video.htm

5. Ghana First West African empire Great power from 8 th to 11 th Century Established wealth through GOLD EXPORTED- gold, ivory, and slaves IMPORTED- salt, copper King ruled through a strong centralized government Mid-11 th century was conquered by North Africans

6. Mali Become an empire around 1235 gaining land from the fallen Ghana empire Quickly became wealthy through discovery of gold, ivory, cotton and cattle Women exercised great freedom (many visitors disapproved) Mansa Musa was the greatest king Mali become conquered by the Songhai

7. Songhai Was the most powerful empire in West Africa Also gained wealth from gold Established towns with craft workers, businesspeople, judges, doctors and religious leaders End of 15 th century, held most power Askia Muhammad was greatest ruler, established schools and set up a center of learning (Timbuktu) End of 15 th century the empire fell

8. Songhai Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11XUwCcC9tw

10. Timeline Practice! Create a timeline of the three West African Empires in your notebook Place the three empires along your timeline in order, label each one What time frame will you use for your timeline?

11. What about East Africa?! City-state: an independent city governing itself and the territory surrounding it Coast of East Africa became established through many city-states that had their own rulers, laws, and small army Made money through taxing trade goods (ivory, iron, gold)

12. And let’s not forget the South…. Great Zimbabwe Active in gold and iron trade, also powerful through construction (building) Thought of their kings as gods 15 th century the city reached it’s peak and began to decline in power shortly after

13. Your turn! Choose one of the great empires which we have discussed Create an advertisement for your empire Include… Name of your empire Great rulers/kings Where was it located How did it gain wealth? IMAGES! Make this look B-E-A-UTIFUL!

14. Exit Ticket PREDICT: Using what you learned about the resources the empires used to gain wealth, why do you think Europeans became drawn to Africa? AKA- What would make the Europeans want to explore Africa?