1. Science Module
7th Grade

2. Circulatory System Structures
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood

3. Circulatory System Function
The overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

4. Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to body and back to the heart

5. Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung

6. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

7. Arteries: carries blood Away from heart
Large
Thick-walled, Muscular
Elastic
Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary Artery
Carried under great pressure
Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

8. Capillaries Smallest vessel Microscopic Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here

9. Veins: Carries blood to heart
Carries blood that contains waste and CO2
Exception pulmonary vein
Blood not under much pressure
Valves to prevent much gravity pull
Venules: larger than capillaries

10. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

13. Artery vs. Vein

14. Your Heart: The Vital Pump
At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute.
During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

15. Structure of Heart Four chambers Two upper (Atria) Right Atria
Left Atria
Two lower (Ventricles)
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

16. Heart Pumping

17. Lyrics Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.
The right atrium’s where the process begins, where the CO2 Blood enters the heart.
Through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, and lungs.
Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and picks up its oxygen supply.
Then it’s back to the heart through the pulmonary vein, through the atrium and left ventricle.
Pump, pump, pumps your Blood. 

18. Blood Flow Through Heart

19. Label the Following Structures
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Semi-lunar valves
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Cardiac muscle
Pericardium
Septum
Color in oxygenated blood red
& de-oxygenated blood blue
Draw arrows showing blood flow
Through the heart & adjacent
Blood vessels
Indicate the location of the lungs

20. Heart Sounds First heart sound or “lubb” Second heart sound or “dupp”
Atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves close at beginning of ventricular systole
Second heart sound or “dupp”
Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole, lasts longer
Third heart sound (occasional)
Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles and detected near end of first one-third of diastole

21. The Blood Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Water Red Blood Cells Plasma
White blood cells and platelets

22. Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
RBC are produced in red bone marrow of
ribs,
humerus,
femur,
sternum, and other long bones

23. Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection Less abundant Large cells
Attack foreign substances
Less abundant
Large cells

24. Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments
Produced in bone marrow
Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
Form a web trapping blood cells

25. Blood Clotting Section 37-2 Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

26. Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four TypesAB O
Inherited from your parents

27. Blood Types

28. What happens when you mix blood types?
Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens
If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING
Type O is the universal donor
Type AB is the universal acceptor

29. What Makes Our Blood Type?

30. Blood Transfusions Blood Type of Donor Blood Type of Recipient
A B AB O A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion
Successful transfusion

31. Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
Rh+ (have antigen)
Rh- (NO antigen)
Can cause complications in pregnancies
mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies
2nd Rh + body attacks baby
Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation