1. The Circulatory System
You Gotta Have Heart
The Circulatory System

2. Engage Walt Disney’s Hemo the Magnificent Scene 3 – The Heart
Scene 4 – Lubb-Dubb

3. Explore How does exercise affect heart rate? Circulatory System Relay
Color Your Heart

4. Hemo the Magnificent
Scene 6 – The Capillaries

5. Circulatory System Consists of…
Blood Vessels
Blood
Heart

6. Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS

7. Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to lungs and back
Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to body and back

8. Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung

9. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

10. Artery vs. Vein

11. Arteries: carries blood Away from heart
Large
Thick-walled, Muscular
Elastic
Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary Artery
Carried under great pressure
Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

13. Capillaries Smallest vessel Microscopic Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here

14. Veins: Carries blood to heart
Carries blood that contains waste and CO2
Exception pulmonary vein
Blood not under much pressure
Valves to prevent much gravity pull
Venules: larger than capillaries

15. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

16. Circulatory System
BLOOD

17. What is Blood?
Blood Simulation

18. The Blood Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Water Red Blood Cells Plasma
White blood cells and platelets

19. Plasma
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Whole Blood Sample
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

20. Plasma
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Whole Blood Sample
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

21. Plasma
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Whole Blood Sample
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

22. Parts of the Blood

23. Your Blood: Fluid Transport
Liquid Portion Carries
Blood cells
Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)
Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells)
Platelets (non cellular particles)
Proteins
Enzymes
Hormones – Endocrine System
Nutrients - Digestive System
Gases - Respiratory System
Inorganic salts
a Tissue
50% water
4% dissolved substances

24. Oxygen in the Blood Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule
Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs
Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)

25. Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
Hemoglobin carries CO2 also
CO2 is a waste product of cellular work
70% of CO2 combines with water
The rest travels to the lungs

26. What does blood contain?
50% Water
45% Erythrocytes
4% Plasma with Substances
1% Leukocytes + Platelets

27. Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of RBC
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
RBC
Lack a nucleus
Contain hemoglobin
Disk-shaped
RBC are produced in red bone marrow of
ribs,
humerus,
femur,
sternum, and other long bones
Lives for 120 days
Old RBC are destroyed in liver and spleen

28. Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection Less abundant Large cells
Attack foreign substances
Less abundant
Large cells
Some live for months
Most just a few days
Several types
ALL contain nuclei

29. Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments
Produced in bone marrow
Short life span (1 week)
Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
Form a web trapping blood cells

30. Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

31. Circulatory System
HEART

33. Your Heart: The Vital Pump
At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute.
During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

34. Heart: Structure and Function
Keeps blood moving
Large organ composed of
cardiac muscle,
rich in mitochondria
Enclosed by a sac
PERICARDIUM

35. The Structures of the Heart
Inferior Vena Cava
Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium
Aorta
Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
Pulmonary Arteries
Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Aortic Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta
Mitral Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Septum
Right Ventricle

36. Structure of Heart (cont)
Four chambers
Two upper (Atria)
Walls thinner
Less muscular
Two lower (Ventricles)
Walls thicker
More muscular
Do more work

38. Blood Flow Through the Heart
©COPY 1997 HeartPoint

39. Bloods Path Through the Heart
Both Atria fill at same time
Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cava
Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins
After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

40. Both ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,
against gravity,
through pulmonary arteries

41. Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)
Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood
out of heart through
aorta (largest vessel)

42. Hemo the Magnificent
Scene 7 – Gatekeepers

43. Control of the Heart (Nervous System)
Medulla oblongata regulates rate
Sensory cells stretch when too fast
Pressure drops when beat is too low

44. Heartbeat Regulation
Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse)
Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right atrium
Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract
Triggers 2nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract
EkG – record of electrical changes in the heart

45. The Sinoatrial Node Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Conducting fibers
Atrioventricular (AV) node

47. Blood Pressure Blood against the blood vessel’s walls
The systolic pressure refers to
the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump the blood.
The diastolic pressure refers to
the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill with blood.
A normal blood pressure is 120/80

48. DISORDERS ATHEROSCLEROSIS Fatty deposits called plaque
Builds up in walls of arteries
Obstructs flow
Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow elsewhere

49. Disorders (cont) Hypertension High blood pressure
Hearts works harder than necessary
Increases risk of heart attack or stroke

50. Disorders (cont) Heart Attack Atherosclerosis in coronary artery
Heart muscle begins to die
Symptoms
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Severe chest pain
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY

51. Disorders (cont) Stroke
Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to brain
Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
Or blood vessel burst
Can lead to paralysis,
loss of ability to speak
death

52. Current PREVENTION Recommendations
Regular exercise
Weight control
Well balanced diet
Do not smoke
Diet low in saturated fat

53. Elaboration
Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump?

54. Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four TypesAB O
Inherited from your parents

55. Blood Types

56. What happens when you mix blood types?
Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens
If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING
Type O is the universal donor
Type AB is the universal acceptor

57. What Makes Our Blood Type?

58. Blood Transfusions Blood Type of Recipient Blood Type of Donor
A B AB O A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion
Successful transfusion

59. Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
Rh+ (have antigen)
Rh- (NO antigen)
Can cause complications in pregnancies
mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies
2nd Rh + body attacks baby
Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation