2.  Thermal Energy: is the total energy of all the particles of an object.  T.E. depends on the temperature of an object or liquid.  Temperature: is a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.  Which particles move around faster?  L, S, G?  What is the source of all thermal energy?

3.  The Sun’s energy is the source of wind, air currents and ocean currents in the Hydrologic Cycle.

4.  Thermal energy (heat) can cause changes in density, pressure, and composition of air and water.  1. Density: the measure of how much mass of a substance is in a given volume.  Compare the densities of oil and water?  Water and sand?

5.  Air has density  The density of air changes at different altitudes.  As altitude increases density goes ___________.  As altitude decrease density goes ___________.  WHY?  There are less air molecules per cubic foot.  As heat is added to air the molecules start moving faster and farther apart.  This causes the density to __________________

6.  Water has density too.  As depth increases density ________________.  As depth decreases density ________________.

7.  2. Pressure: the force pushing or pulling on an object.  What causes air or water to have pressure?  GRAVITY  Air pressure changes at different altitudes.  As altitude increases pressure goes __________.  As altitude decreases pressure goes _________.  WHY?  Because there are less air molecules for gravity to pull on the pressure decrease as you go up.

8.  Does the pressure of water change as the depth increase? How?  Because every gallon of water has weight, as depth increases there is more weight, creating more pressure.

9.  Both global wind belts and local wind is created by a difference in air pressure.  Air always wants to go to a place of less pressure.  EX. A balloon  Global winds blow from areas of high pressure around the poles to areas of low pressure around the Equator.  EX. Jet Stream

12.  Ocean currents are caused mainly by surface wind.  They follow the major global wind patterns.  EX. Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift

15.  1. One partner hold balloon. Second partner draw a vertical line from the top of the balloon to the bottom.  2. Describe the line.  3. This time, first partner should rotate the balloon as the second partner draws the vertical line.  4. Describe the line.  5. How does this relate to global winds and currents?

16. Coriolis Effect  Wind and water currents curve or turn to the right (Clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere.  (opposite in Southern Hemisphere)  What causes Coriolis?  Earth’s rotation

19. Wind, Water Currents and Climate  Climate is determined by two things:  Temperature and precipitation  Global winds carry warm or cold air masses that control an areas temperature.  The distance an area is from an ocean also controls temperature.  If you live close to a large body of water you temperatures will be much more mild.

20.  Global winds will also control precipitation by bring humid or dry air masses.  Humid air masses cause more precipitation.  Dry air masses cause less precipitation.

21. clicker questions

22. As you go higher in the atmosphere what happens to air pressure? A. It increases B. It decreases C. It doesn't change D. I don’t Know

23. As you go deeper into the ocean what happens to pressure? A. It increases B. It decreases C. It doesn't change D. I don’t Know

24. What is the chemical composition of the atmosphere? A. 71% N, 28% O, 1% other gasses B. 85% O, 15% N C. 78% N, 21% O, 1% other gasses D. I don’t Know

25. _________ causes wind and water to turn clockwise in the N. Hemisphere. A. Coriolis Effect B. Salinity Effect C. Gravity D. I don’t know

26. The climate of an area is determined by _________________ A. Temperature B. Precipitation C. Temperature and precipitation D. I don’t know

27. The measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance is: A. Temperature B. Thermal energy C. Gravity D. I don’t know

28. As altitude increases, density ______________. A. Stays the same B. Goes down C. Goes up D. I don’t know

29. Where is the greatest air density? A. At sea level B. Solon C. At the top of Mt. Everst D. I don’t know

30. What causes air pressure? A. Temperature B. Density C. Gravity D. I don’t know

31. Global winds, such as the Jet Stream, are caused by: A. differences in air pressure B. Differences in temperature C. Differences in density D. I really don’t know!

32. What causes ocean currents? A. Salinity differences B. Surface winds C. The gulf Stream D. I don’t know

33. Completely describe how wind and water currents can determine climate. A. This was very easy B. This was OK C. This was difficult