1. HIV
AIDS

2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus What is HIV? Only affects humans
Disrupts immune system
Virus
Needs human cells to survive

3. What is AIDS? Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Didn’t have it to begin with
Immune
Immune system is affected
Deficiency
Immune failure causes symptoms
Syndrome
Defined by certain disease

4. Fluids that can transmit HIV These are listed from MOST infectious fluid to LEAST infectious fluid
Blood
Semen
Vaginal fluids
Breast Milk

5. Methods of Transmission
BLOOD (virus must be present in the blood)
Needle sharing-IV drug use
Piercing (home, self)
Tattoo (home self)
Transfusions – pre testing before 1985
NOTES:
The virus doesn’t survive outside the body when it is exposed to air. The virus does not reproduce like a bacteria or fungi.
Blood transfusions and Organ transplants: The risk of acquiring HIV from a blood transfusion today is estimated to be less than 1 infection per 450,000 to 660,000 donations. The risk of acquiring HIV from an organ transplant is similar. Before 1985, there were no tests to screen blood and organ donations for HIV. Today, blood and organ banks screen out most potential donors at risk for HIV infection in advance. They then do extensive testing on specimens of blood, blood products and organs for HIV and other blood-borne germs.(New England Journal Medicine, 1995;333:1721-5)
STATS from the Centers for Disease Control:
Accidental needle stick from HIV infected needle - 1 in 300 (.3%) or 99.7% do NOT lead to infection.
Eyes, nose & mouth splash with HIV infected blood - 1 in 1,000 (.1%).
Skin to HIV infected blood - less than .1%. There have been NO cases of HIV transmission documented due to an exposure involving a small amount of blood on intact skin. The risk may slightly higher if skin is damaged (e.g., by a recent cut).

6. Methods of Transmission
Sexual – oral, vaginal and anal
NOTES:
HIV can enter the body during sex through the mucous membranes of the anus, vagina, penis (urethra) or mouth; AND through cuts, sores and abrasions on the skin. Unprotected anal and vaginal sex are the riskiest sexual activities. There are a small, but growing, number of reported cases of HIV transmission through oral sex.
When you engage in sexual activities such as the above mentioned activities, you are also at risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancy.
Women are twice as likely as men to become infected with STDs and efficiency of transmission from male to female is four times higher than female to male.
An estimated 3 million cases of chlamydia annually in the U.S. The American Social Health Assoc. reports 1 in 5 people in the U.S. has an STD, and 2/3 of those occur in people age 25 or younger.
Approximately 1 in 4 sexually active teens gets an STD every year. (The Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sex and America’s Teenagers, New York: 1994, p. 38) Yet, 68 percent of sexually active year olds do not consider themselves to be at much risk, if any, risk. Most (57%) have never discussed STD’s with a health care provider, and 70% have never been tested. (1999 Kaiser Family Foundation, National Survey of Teens: What They Know and Don’t (But Should) About STDs)
** The Best way to protect yourself is to ABSTAIN from oral, anal and penile/vaginal sex.

7. Methods of Transmission
MOTHER TO CHILD
In utero (uterus)
During birth
Breast milk
NOTES:
Mothers who choose to take antiretrovirals before delivery have a 5-8% chance of transmission of HIV to their child.
Taking antiretrovirals and having a c-section will provide a 2% risk of HIV transmission.
Not taking any medication and having a vaginal delivery will provide for a 25% risk of HIV transmission.
Since the intervention of antiretrovirals, mother-to-child HIV transmission rates have decreased dramatically. During , AIDS cases among children declined 81%.
If the mother tests HIV positive then the child will also test HIV positive because the child’s immune system reflects maternal antibodies until 18 months of age. At 18 months of age, the child will retest for HIV antibodies, if the child is negative or positive then that will be a true and accurate reading because at that time the child has developed its own immune system.
** If you have any questions regarding antiretrovirals and/or you need any clarifications please give me (Kim VanEpps) a call, ext

8. You CAN NOT get HIV from:
Saliva
Sweat
Feces
Mosquitoes
Hugging
Shaking hands
Tears
Urine
Vomit
Swimming pools
Kissing
Coughing
Toilet seats
NOTES:
It is important to note that if blood is present in saliva, tears, sweat, vomit, urine or feces then there is a risk for transmission of HIV infection.

9. http://www. youtube. com/watch
Extreme Home Makeover start at 1:05 and watch to 5:45

10. How Do You Know if You Have HIV?
99% accurate after 3 months
GET TESTED!
NOTES: You can get a confidential/anonymous HIV antibody test at a doctors office, local Health Department, Planned Parenthood and Teen Clinics for little or no charge.
HIV antibody test involves, in most situations:
1. Giving informed consent, which may require signing a form. If 14 years of age or older no parental consent is needed.
2. Talking before testing with a test counselor about sexual and drug using behaviors.
3. Drawing a small amount of blood, or providing a oral or urine sample.
4. For regular antibody tests, results are given in about a week in person.

11. HIV ANTIBODY TEST
HIV
NOTES:
Antibodies are produced in the body when there is a foreign intruder, such as when you get a cold, (bacteria or virus) the antibodies or your immune system try and fight off the intruder so you will get well.
After a person becomes infected with HIV, the body’s immune system recognizes the virus as a foreign intruder and begins to make antibodies to the virus. Antibodies against HIV usually take 1-3 months to develop, rarely longer.
The Antibody Test measures this, the antibodies, NOT THE VIRUS

12. Stages of HIV infection
Stage 1: Acute stage
When first exposed to HIV
Lasts for approx 2 weeks to 6 months
Flu like symptoms – mild to severe
Can NOT get a positive test yet

13. Stage 2: Asymptomatic infection
Dormancy stage
No outward signs/symptoms
Can last 7-8 years or more
Person is infected and contagious

14. Stage 3: Symptomatic HIV (has symptoms)
Common symptoms
Swollen lymph nodes
Night sweats
Loss of appetite
Dry cough
Fever, oral infections

15. Stage 4: Symptomatic AIDS
When it is actually referred to as Full Blown
AIDS
Immune system is so weak it can no longer fight off diseases
white blood cell count is below a minimum level
Rapid loss of body weight
Possibly severe diarrhea
Susceptible to rare diseases – such as kaposis sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonias

16. How to Eliminate the risk
ABSTAIN from any kind of sexual contact
ABSTAIN from drug use
Marriage to an uninfected person and practice lifelong monogamy
NOTES:
( Use this phrase to ease into this prevention slide)
“Everyone in this room with very few exceptions will be sexually active at some point in their life. These are the best ways to protect yourself and the person(s) you are with”.

17. How to REDUCE the risk Avoid multiple partners
Clean needles with bleach and water
Avoid alcohol and drugs
Don’t share needles (tattoo, piercing, acupuncture)
Use latex gloves and universal precautions

18. A Personal Story http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWDlwC7Uec4