1. A Growing Economy Chapter 7 Lesson 1

2. Developing Industry  Alabama had everything it needed to develop industry, or the production of goods.  We had good raw materials, people to work in factories, people with good ideas, and money to start and run new businesses.

3. Alabama’s Three Main Raw Materials  Coal  Iron Ore  Limestone

4. Iron Ore  Iron ore is a rock containing enough iron to be mined for a profit. Alabama became the center of coal and iron production in the South.

5. Pig Iron  Pig Iron is iron produced in a blast furnace heated by powdered coal.  Levin Goodrich ran a company that produced pig iron.

6. Henry DeBardeleben  Henry DeBardeleben started several coal and iron companies in Alabama.

7. New Transportation  Railroad construction began to boom in the 1880’s. Many people wanted to travel by train too. Railroads helped trade expand.  Many companies built their own rail lines to transport their goods.  By 1900, Alabama was connected by rail lines. Alabama was also connected to other states by rail. Birmingham became Alabama’s transportation hub, or center.

8. Imports and Exports  An import is a good brought into a country from another country.  An export is a good sent to one country by another country.  Pig iron was one of Alabama’s most important exports. Birmingham produced 75% of all pig iron exports in the United States.  Cotton trade slowed down. Europe began to buy more cotton from other countries instead of Alabama.

9. New Cities and Towns  Industry caused the growth of urban areas, or larger towns and cities, in Alabama.  Birmingham became Alabama’s second largest city.  Coal, iron, and lumber companies built towns for their workers.  Anniston was started by an iron company.  Bessemer was founded by Henry DeBardeleben as a center for steel production.

10. A Growing Economy Chapter 7 Lesson 2

11. Ways of Life  In the late 1800’s, industries and cities were growing.  Textile mills were growing.  Most men who were not working in factories or coal mines were working in business, banking, medicine, or law.  Wealthy people owned mills, factories, and mines.  Some women worked in factories or domestic jobs.  Other women worked for reforms, or change. One example of reform is women’s right to vote.  Most people still lived in rural areas.

12. Education  By the late 1800’s more people were able to get an education.  Public schools educated the people who couldn’t afford private schools.  Women were allowed to attend some all-male schools.  The University of Alabama admitted women for the first time in 1893.  Women attended normal schools. Normal schools trained elementary teachers.

13. Education and Culture  Julia Tutwiler and Maria Fearing were two respected teachers.  Students began attending the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama. This became Auburn University.  Booker T. Washington opened Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. It is now Tuskegee University. It was an African American College.  Many other Alabamians contributed to art, music and writing. Julia Tutwiler was a famous teacher. She also wrote a poem that became our state song.

14. Race Relations  Jim Crow laws segregated, or separated, people by race.  Prejudice is the unfair dislike against a person. People in Alabama began be prejudice and segregate whites and blacks.  Plessy v. Ferguson was a court case. The Supreme Court ruled that whites and blacks could be segregated as long as it was “separate but equal.” Things were separate, but they were not equal.

15. NAACP  The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed in 1905 by W.E.B. Du Bois.  The NAACP has worked to end prejudice against African Americans in the United States.