2. COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

3. AFTER THIS LESSON YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: Compare and contrast between non-communicable and communicable diseases Define the common pathogens that cause communicable diseases

4. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES –Non-Communicable disease –Also called non-infectious diseases –For example: Heart disease –Communicable diseases –Also called infectious diseases. –Passed through direct/indirect contact

5. NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Diseases that CANNOT be spread from one person/thing to another Diseases that are not caused by pathogens (bad germs) Can affect any system in the body (circulatory, nervous, respiratory) Can be treated but not usually cured

6. CAUSES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1. Hereditary-passed from parent to child 2. Environmental –Where you live –or work –For example: Nuclear power plant 3. Lifestyle –Poor health habits – tanning, smoking, drinking, poor diet, lack of exercise and emotional stress.

7. PREVENTING NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Have a balanced diet Get regular exercise Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs Regular check-ups can identify early warning signs

8. COMMON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Cancer Cardiovascular disease –Heart Attack –Stroke

9. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Definition Caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens (bad germs) from a person or thing to another.

10. PATHOGENS AND VECTORS Pathogens are disease causing agents (bad germs) Vectors are disease-causing organisms that carry pathogens from one host to another –For example: Mosquitoes transmit malaria Ticks transmit Lyme disease

11. HOW DISEASES ARE SPREAD –Direct contact - touching infected area of person –Indirect - sneezing, coughing, sharing personal items –Contact with vectors (animals and insects) - bites –Other contact - eating contaminated foods

12. WHERE DISEASES ENTER THE BODY  Mouth  Eyes  Nose  A break in skin (cuts)  Genitals

13. PREVENTION FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Wash hands Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing Proper care of food, don’t share food Eat healthy and exercise to improve immune system Shower daily

15. COMMON TYPES OF PATHOGENS –Bacteria –Virus –Fungi –Protozoan

16. BACTERIA –(100 million will fit in a grain of sand.) –Most common of all pathogens. –Most DO NOT cause disease. –Reproduces through cell division. –Examples:Strep throat, Lyme disease

17. BACTERIA VIDEO http://webcast.mediaondemand.com/library_video/20000901/27_bacteria_300.asx

18. VIRUS –All viruses are considered Parasites –Smallest and simplest of micro- organisms. –Can only live on living cells It tricks human cells to reproduce more viruses. –Examples- chicken pox, cold, flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS

19. PROTOZOA –Most are harmless –One celled organism –Grows in water –Multiples quickly in moist places –For example: Malaria

20. FUNGI –Live off non-living things. –Include molds, yeast, and mushrooms –Live in warm moist places such as locker room floors –Examples: Ring worm / athletes foot

21. FUNGI Athlete’s Foot Ring Worm

22. THE BODY’S PRIMARY DEFENSES AGAINST DISEASES Skin Mucus Membrane Cilia

23. BODY’S PRIMARY DEFENSES AGAINST COMMUNICABLE DISEASE S Skin Most important – keeps out harmful germs Produces sweat that kills some types of pathogens

24. BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Mucus Membrane Cells that line nose, mouth and throat produce mucus to trap germs

25. Body’s Defense Against Communicable Disease Cilia Wavelike hairs that sweep out germs from throat, nose, etc

26. BODY’S SECONDARY DEFENSES Fever – the temperature of the body increases to slow multiplication of pathogens White Blood Cells – special cells that kill pathogens Chemical Barriers – tears and saliva Reflexes – blinking, coughing and sneezing