2.  Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar structures and functions

3.  Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved  Today’s system developed by Carolus Linnaeus  Organization of Biological Diversity: ◦ Domain (often not even used) ◦ Kingdom ◦ Phylum ◦ Class ◦ Order ◦ Family ◦ Genus ◦ Species

4.  A taxonomic category that is based on fundamental differences among organisms  Three main domains: ◦ Bacteria ◦ Archaea ◦ Eukarya

5.  Taxonomic category made up of related phyla  Six kingdoms currently recognized for living organisms ◦ Bacteria ◦ Archaea ◦ Protista ◦ Plantae ◦ Animalia ◦ Fungi

6.  Prokaryotes (lack nucleus)  Unicellular (one cell)  Heterotrophic (most)-eat other organisms for energy  All bacteria are in the same domain and kingdom, which is not true for a lot of organisms!  Examples: E. Coli, Streptococcus

7.  Prokaryotes  Unicellular  Live in extreme environments  Ex: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius(grow in volcanos), Methanogens (produce methane)

8.  Eukaryotes (contain nuclei)  Multicellular (multiple cells making up organism)  Four kingdoms in this domain ◦ Protista ◦ Animalia ◦ Fungi ◦ Plantae

9.  Mainly unicellular  Heterotrophic or Photosynthetic (use light as energy)  Ex: Protozoa, slime molds

10.  Heterotrophic  Contain a nervous system  Ex: Us!!, Fish, Bats, Snakes (lots of examples!)

11.  Heterotrophic  Absorb nutrients  Contain cell walls of chitin (distinguishes them from plants!)  Ex: mushrooms, truffles “The latest auction was for two truffles weighing just under 3 lbs total. $330,000 was paid for the fungal delicacy.”

12.  Photosynthetic  Cell walls made with cellulose  Ex: Trees, Mosses, Ferns

13.  Now that we know how living organisms are organized, let’s look at the differences in the microscope!  While looking at the samples, I would like you to note: ◦ Differences between organisms/cells in different kingdoms ◦ Differences in organisms/cells in similar kingdoms ◦ Common features in plant slides