1. Homework Quiz on Exploration/Absolutism Monday. EA-7 due Tuesday. Final Exam June 11 and June 12.

2. Aim #7: How did the failure of absolutism lead to a constitutional monarchy in England? Do Now #1: Of the absolute monarchs we have learned about, which one do you think established the most successful government and why: – Philip II (Spain) – Louis XIV (France) – Peter the Great (Russia)

3. Do Now #2: Explain what the following two things from English history were, and why they made it more difficult to establish absolutism in England? Magna Carta (1215): Parliament:

4. I. Stuart Monarchy Elizabeth I dies in 1603 without an heir. Replaced by her cousin James Stuart (king of Scotland), who becomes James I. Tudor Line is over, beginning of the Stuart Line. – James I (1603-1625) – Charles I (1625-1649) – Charles II (1660-1685) – James II (1685-1688)

5. II. James I (1603-1625) Why is he so unpopular? – Scottish – Lacked interpersonal skills – Claims to be an absolute ruler → Offends growing middle class that dominates Parliament

6. III. Charles I (1625-1649) → Continues to antagonize Parliament To gain absolute power, Charles I disbands Parliament for eleven years (1629-1640), raises money through illegal taxes. Must call Parliament in 1640 to put down revolts in Scotland and Ireland. Parliament refuses to grant him an army, saying they will raise it themselves!

7. IV. English Civil War (1642-1649) Charles feels undermined, raises an army to fight Parliament. Civil War beings! King’s Army (Cavaliers): Nobility, mercenaries. Vs. Parliament’s Army (New Model Army / Roundheads): Rag-tag army of merchants. Led by Oliver Cromwell, a member of Parliament and a devout Puritan (English Calvinist).

8. Concluding Question Which side do you think will win the Civil War, and why?