1. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 1Emotion Interaction of four components 1. physiological arousal 2. subjective feelings 3. cognitive interpretation 4. behavioral expression

2. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 2 Core Concept 9-1 Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others.

3. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 3 Evolution of Emotions Survival value--emotions help in coping with important recurring situations: approach positive situations or people (example: love) avoid negative or dangerous situations or people (example: fear)

4. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 4 Emotional Communication Display rules--permissible ways of expressing emotions in a particular society.

5. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 5 Counting Emotions more than 500 emotion words in English language seven or eight basic emotions complex emotions-blends of basic emotions

6. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 6 The Emotion Wheel

7. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 7 Core Concept 9-2 Two distinct brain pathways connect the biological structures involved in emotions.

8. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 8 Biological Basis of Emotions Two emotion processing systems in brain: (1) quick, automatic, unconscious system--deep brain circuits. (2) slower, more thorough, conscious system--cortex of the brain.

9. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 9 Emotional Arousal and Performance high and low arousal--low performance moderate arousal--higher performance may differ with task difficulty

10. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 10 Emotional Intelligence Understand one’s own emotions Recognize other’s emotions Manage one’s own negative feels and curtail impulses

11. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 11 Cues for Detecting Deception Real key--patterns of a person’s behavior over time Other cues in verbal and non- verbal behavior

12. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 12 Guidelines for Detecting deception False information--pauses in speech and constrained movements. Hiding true feelings--postural shifts, speech errors, nervous gestures, shrugging. Face is easier to control than the body. Eye contact--only in a typical truth-teller.

13. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 13Polygraph Graphs many measures of physical arousal. Assumes people will display physical signs of arousal when lying.

14. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 14 Core Concept 9-3 Motivation takes many forms, but all involve inferred mental processes that select and direct our behavior.

15. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 15Motivation Processes involved in starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities.

16. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 16 Motivation connects observable behavior to internal states. accounts for variability in behavior. explains perseverance despite adversity. relates biological processes to behavior.

17. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 17 Intrinsic Motivation Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake--not for some external reward.

18. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 18 Extrinsic Motivation Desire to engage in an activity to achieve external consequences or rewards.

19. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 19 Conscious Motivation Being aware of the desire to engage in an activity.

20. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 20 Unconscious Motivation Being consciously unaware of the desire to engage in an activity.

21. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 21 Instinct Theory Certain behaviors are completely controlled by innate factors. Now called fixed- action patterns.

22. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 22 Drive Theory Biological needs produce a drive to meet that need-- reduce the drive. Homeostasis-- body’s need to maintain a balanced state.

23. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 23 Cognitive Theory Locus of control-- beliefs about the ability to control the events in our lives. Internal v. external locus of control

24. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 24 Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory Motivation comes from the id in the unconscious mind. Two basic desires Eros-desire for sex Thanatos-desire for aggression

25. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2003 25 Maslow’s Theory of Motivation Hierarchy – needs occur in priority order most biological needs are most basic