1. Dehydration Synthesis – linking of monomers together to form a polymer
Dehydration Synthesis – linking of monomers together to form a polymer. Water is removed by taking a hydrogen from one molecule and an alcohol (OH) from the other molecule.
Hydrolysis – means to break (lysis) with water (hydro). A polymer is brokendown back into monomers.
Fig. 3.7

2. CARBOHYDRATES
Class of biological molecule that includes single monomer sugars (monosaccharide), two monomer sugars (disaccharide), and many monomer sugars (polysaccharide).
Examples of monosaccharide isomers – same molecular formula and different structures.

3. Monosaccharides Monosaccharides – mono = single, sacchar = sugar
Simple sugars
C6H12O6
Glucose and fructose
Broken down for energy in cellular respiration (4 Calories per gram)

4. DISACCHARIDES Formed by dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides.
Broken down by hydrolysis into two monosaccharides.
Maltose = 2 glucose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose

5. POLYSACCHARIDES Complex carbohydrates, long chains of monomers
Starch – storage polysaccharide, found in plants
Glucose monomers
Glycogen – stores excess sugar, found in animals
Branched
Cellulose – most abundant organic compound
Found in plants
Glucose monomers that cannot be hydrolyzed (fiber)
Almost all carbohydrates are hydrophilic (water loving)