1. Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 3 The Nature and Nurture Of Behavior

2. Genes: Our Biological Blueprint  _________________  threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes  __________________  complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes  has two strands-forming a “double helix”- held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides

3. Genes: Our Biological Blueprint  _________________  biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes  a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

4. Genes: Their Location and Composition NucleusChromosomeGene CellDNA

5. Evolutionary Psychology __________________ CCharles Darwin GGalapagos Islands FFinch’s (Beak Size) IImpact on biology RRecent trends in Evolutionary Psychology

6.  __________________  the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations  Mutation  a random error in gene replication that leads to genetic damage

7. Evolutionary Psychology  Handout of Traits That Will Lead To More Reproduction (Class Participation)  _________________  the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection

8. Evolutionary Psychology AAsk the Class IIn one study ___ percent of adult video customers were female. MMost romance novel readers are female. MMen ___% Women ___% “If 2 people really like each other its ok for them to have sex even if they have known each other a very short time.”

9.  Poll the Class  More women mention affection as a reason for having first sexual intercourse,  Think about sex multiple times per day. Men ___% and Women ____%  More likely to attribute friendliness to sexual interest.  More likely to initiate sexual activity.

10. Evolutionary Psychology  Men preferred __________________ suggesting youth and health  Women preferred __________________

11. Behavior Genetics  _______________  study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior  Environment  every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

12. Behavior Genetics  _______________  develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms  _______________  develop from separate eggs  genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share the fetal environment Identical twins Fraternal twins Same sex only Same or opposite sex

13. Twin and Adoption Studies  Twin Studies  Identical twins tend to share similar personalities  _____________________  Think Critically: What are the Implications?  Story of the two Jim’s  Page 75

14. Twin and Adoption Studies  Adoption Studies  People who grow up together whether related or not do not resemble each other much.  What does this suggest about parenting?  Parenting plays a smaller role than initially suspected.  ______________________________  Parents make a difference in their ability to provide enriching environments.

15. Environmental Influence  Experience affects brain development Impoverished environment Rat brain cell Rat brain cell Enriched environment

16. Behavior Genetics  ________________  a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity  Interaction  the effect of one factor (such as the environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)

17. Environmental Influence  _____________  the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next  ____________  an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior  Personal Space  the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

18. The Nature and Nurture of Gender XX Chromosome tthe sex chromosome found in both men and women ffemales have _____; males have one aan X chromosome from each parent produces a female child YY Chromosome tthe sex chromosome found only in men wwhen paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child

19.  __________________  the most important of the male sex hormones  both males and females have it  additional testosterone in males stimulates  growth of male sex organs in the fetus  development of male sex characteristics during puberty  Role  a set of expectations (norms) about a social position  defining how those in the position ought to behave

20. The Nature and Nurture of Gender  Gender  in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female  Gender Role  a set of expected behaviors for males and females  ______________  one’s sense of being male or female  Gender-Typing  the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

21. The Nature and Nurture of Gender

22. ____________________ ttheory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished GGender Schema Theory ttheory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly

23.  Two theories of gender typing