1. Gender
characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female.

2. Gender Role I'm Glad I'm a Boy--
A set of expected behaviours for males and females
List some of the “normal” gender roles.
What gender role is she breaking?

3. Gender Identity one’s own sense of being male or female.
realized through gender-typing : acquiring the traditional masculine or feminine roles

4. Gender Typing Theories

5. Social Learning Theory
Lets use Sammy as an example.

6. Social Learning Theory
Baseball.
Sammy imitates my behavior.
I reward Sammy.
Sammy’s Mom
puts on makeup.
I punish Sammy
Sammy copies her.

7. Gender Schema Theory
Schema: a concept or framework of how we organize information.
Develop schemas for gender.
See the world through the lens of your gender schemas.
Boy’s don’t do this,
that’s for girls.
Yeah, that’s cool!!!!
I want to do that.

8. Genes: Our Biological Blueprint
Chromosomes
threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
has two strands-forming a “double helix”--held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides

9. Genes: Our Biological Blueprint
biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes
a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
Genome
the complete instructions for making an organism
consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes

10. Evolutionary Psychology
Natural Selection
the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Mutations
random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides
the source of all genetic diversity

11. Evolutionary Psychology
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection
Gender
in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female

12. Behavior Genetics
The study of the power and limitations of genes on who we are.

13. Twin Studies Identical Twins – same egg, same genes
Fraternal Twins – different egg, different genes

14. Which of the following pairs is likely to be the most similar?
Fraternal Twins (Together)
Identical Twins (Apart)
Fraternal Twins (Apart)
Identical Twins (Together)
Why?

15. Twin Studies: The Results
Twins, (especially identical) whether or not they are raised in the same environment are very much alike in many ways.

16. Behavior Genetics Temperament Heritability
a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Heritability
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied

17. Behavior Genetics Interaction
the dependence of the effect of one factor (such as environment) on another factor (such as heredity)

18. Environmental Influence
Experience affects brain development
Impoverished
environment
Rat brain
cell
Enriched

19. Environmental Influence
A trained brain

20. Environmental Influence
Culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Norm
an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

21. Environmental Influence
Personal Space
the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Memes
self-replicating ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from person to person