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Electricity and Magnetism Erik Larson Grade 5 Unit Overview
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Student Learner Expectations All of the curriculum objectives for this unit can be found at this website: All of the curriculum objectives for this unit can be found at this website: http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/k_12/curr iculum/bySubject/science/elemsci.pdf http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/k_12/curr iculum/bySubject/science/elemsci.pdf http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/k_12/curr iculum/bySubject/science/elemsci.pdf http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/k_12/curr iculum/bySubject/science/elemsci.pdf
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What is Electricity? What do you KNOW? What do you KNOW? What do you WANT to find out? What do you WANT to find out? What did you LEARN? That will come later. What did you LEARN? That will come later. Please fill out the KWL chart in the front of your book. Please fill out the KWL chart in the front of your book.
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Electricity is… Electricity is made up of microscopic electrons. They move and carry an electrical charge. Electricity is made up of microscopic electrons. They move and carry an electrical charge. An electrical current is when the electrons flow or move. An electrical current is when the electrons flow or move. Electrons from a battery flow to a clock and power the clock with their electrical charge. Electrons from a battery flow to a clock and power the clock with their electrical charge.
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It is an Electric World Electricity powers many, many things around us. Everything you have to plug in, runs on electricity. Electricity powers many, many things around us. Everything you have to plug in, runs on electricity. Brainstorm items in the class or at home, that run on electricity. Brainstorm items in the class or at home, that run on electricity. Toasters, ovens, video games are examples. Toasters, ovens, video games are examples.
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Naturally Occurring Electricity In nature, some organisms can produce their own electrical charge. In nature, some organisms can produce their own electrical charge. Electric eels, catfish, fireflies, stingrays Electric eels, catfish, fireflies, stingrays Your brain and nervous system produces electricity. Your brain and nervous system produces electricity. Lightning is a form of natural electricity. Lightning is a form of natural electricity.
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Electricity used by Humans Complete BLM#1 and list as many devices you can think of that use electricity and are used by humans. Complete BLM#1 and list as many devices you can think of that use electricity and are used by humans. Write down as many examples of natural occurring electricity in the second column of the chart. Write down as many examples of natural occurring electricity in the second column of the chart.
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Static Electricity This is a build up of stationary electrons on a surface of an object. This is a build up of stationary electrons on a surface of an object. For example, electrons from your hair build up on the surface of a balloon as you rub it against your head. For example, electrons from your hair build up on the surface of a balloon as you rub it against your head. This creates an electrostatic negative charge. This creates an electrostatic negative charge.
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Static Electricity The balloon is can now stick to a surface because the balloon is acting like a magnet. The balloon is can now stick to a surface because the balloon is acting like a magnet. The positive electrons are trying to move to the negative electrons. The positive electrons are trying to move to the negative electrons.
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Electricity Safety Electricity is very dangerous. It is important to follow a few safety rules. Electricity is very dangerous. It is important to follow a few safety rules. 1. Never use electricity in or near water. 1. Never use electricity in or near water. 2. Never place to many plugs in one socket. 2. Never place to many plugs in one socket. 3. Never play near or on power lines. 3. Never play near or on power lines. 4. Never pull out a plug, by its cord. 4. Never pull out a plug, by its cord. 5. Never stick anything into a plug in. 5. Never stick anything into a plug in.
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Electrical Safety continued… 6. Never run electrical cords under rugs. 6. Never run electrical cords under rugs. 7. Never use an electrical lawn mower on wet grass or when it is raining. 7. Never use an electrical lawn mower on wet grass or when it is raining. 8. Never play on power boxes. 8. Never play on power boxes. 9. Never stick anything metal into a toaster. 9. Never stick anything metal into a toaster. 10. Never use a frayed cord. 10. Never use a frayed cord.
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Where is Electricity made? Electricity is made or produced from power plants. The power plants produce electricity in turbines, using water, heat- from coal or wind. Electricity is made or produced from power plants. The power plants produce electricity in turbines, using water, heat- from coal or wind. Electricity flows in a current from the power plant to our homes. Electricity flows in a current from the power plant to our homes.
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Electrical Current Electricity flows just like water from a hose. The flowing electricity is called an electrical current. Electricity flows just like water from a hose. The flowing electricity is called an electrical current. Currents of electricity flow through power lines, transformers and through wires in our homes. Currents of electricity flow through power lines, transformers and through wires in our homes.
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Batteries Electricity also comes from batteries. Electricity also comes from batteries. There are many different sizes of batteries and they all have different amounts of power. There are many different sizes of batteries and they all have different amounts of power.
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Batteries Batteries are storage cells of electricity. Batteries are storage cells of electricity. Batteries are also called cells. Batteries are also called cells. A battery has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. A battery has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. A terminal is where the electricity flows, much like a terminal in a train station. A terminal is where the electricity flows, much like a terminal in a train station.
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Short Circuits Batteries produce electricity. Electricity flows from the battery through the positive terminal, through the wire, back to the negative terminal. Batteries produce electricity. Electricity flows from the battery through the positive terminal, through the wire, back to the negative terminal. Flowing electricity creates heat, because the electrons are flowing through the wire, back to the battery. Flowing electricity creates heat, because the electrons are flowing through the wire, back to the battery. This is called a short circuit. There is no job or load for the electrons to perform. This is called a short circuit. There is no job or load for the electrons to perform.
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Light Bulbs A light bulb provides light. A light bulb provides light. It uses electricity to produce light. It uses electricity to produce light. A filament is heated by the electricity, which produces light. A filament is heated by the electricity, which produces light. Complete BLM #5b Complete BLM #5b
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A simple circuit A simple circuit is when one battery is connected to a bulb with wires. A simple circuit is when one battery is connected to a bulb with wires. A wire is made of copper and covered in a plastic coating. A wire is made of copper and covered in a plastic coating. Can you discover how to make light using a battery, bulb and wire? Can you discover how to make light using a battery, bulb and wire? BLM # 5a, 6 and. BLM # 5a, 6 and.
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Circuits A circuit is a circular movement of electrons. A circuit is a circular movement of electrons. In a circuit, the electrons flow from the battery to the load and back to the battery. In a circuit, the electrons flow from the battery to the load and back to the battery. In order for the circuit to work, it must be complete. In order for the circuit to work, it must be complete.
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Open vs Closed Circuits Circuits can be open or closed. Circuits can be open or closed. An open circuit has a break or opening in the circuit. The circuit will not work. An open circuit has a break or opening in the circuit. The circuit will not work. A closed circuit has no openings or breaks. The circuit will work because the electrons can flow in a complete circle. A closed circuit has no openings or breaks. The circuit will work because the electrons can flow in a complete circle.
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Circuit Diagram Symbols It is difficult to draw what a circuit actually looks like. It is difficult to draw what a circuit actually looks like. It is easier and faster to use symbols and draw a diagram. It is easier and faster to use symbols and draw a diagram.
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Circuit Diagrams Here is an example of a circuit drawn first as pictures and the same circuit is drawn again using a circuit diagram. Here is an example of a circuit drawn first as pictures and the same circuit is drawn again using a circuit diagram.
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Switches In a circuit, it is important to be able to turn it off and on. In a circuit, it is important to be able to turn it off and on. A switch is a device that can open or close a circuit. A switch is a device that can open or close a circuit. A switch can be used to turn on or off the circuit, in this example the light. A switch can be used to turn on or off the circuit, in this example the light.
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Adding a battery If you have a circuit with one bulb, a battery and wires, How can you increase the brightness of the bulbs? If you have a circuit with one bulb, a battery and wires, How can you increase the brightness of the bulbs? If you add a battery, you can make the bulb brighter. If you add a battery, you can make the bulb brighter. Adding a battery, increases the amount of electrons that power the bulb, making more light. Adding a battery, increases the amount of electrons that power the bulb, making more light.
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Magnets A magnet is an object that produces an magnetic field. A magnet is an object that produces an magnetic field. Magnets have a north and south pole. Magnets have a north and south pole. The north pole repels the north. The south repels the south. The north pole repels the north. The south repels the south. The north and the south are attracted to each other. The north and the south are attracted to each other.
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Magnetic Field A magnetic field can either attract or repel other objects A magnetic field can either attract or repel other objects Magnetic fields surround electrical currents. Magnetic fields surround electrical currents.
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Electron Magnet If you take a battery, a nail and copper wire, you can create a magnet. If you take a battery, a nail and copper wire, you can create a magnet. Wrap the wire around the nail and connect it to the battery, to create a circuit. Wrap the wire around the nail and connect it to the battery, to create a circuit. The moving electrons create a magnetic field. The moving electrons create a magnetic field.
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Increasing magnetism Electrons can increase a magnetic field. Electrons can increase a magnetic field. If you wrap more coils of wire around the nail, you will increase the magnetic field. If you wrap more coils of wire around the nail, you will increase the magnetic field. If you also add another battery, you will increase the number of electrons, which will also increase the magnetic field. If you also add another battery, you will increase the number of electrons, which will also increase the magnetic field.
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Electron Magnet
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Conductors A conductor is an object that allows electrons to flow easily through it. A conductor is an object that allows electrons to flow easily through it. Most metals, like copper and aluminum, graphite, water, and people are good conductors. Most metals, like copper and aluminum, graphite, water, and people are good conductors.
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Insulators Insulators are objects that do not allow electrons to flow easily through it or at all. Insulators are objects that do not allow electrons to flow easily through it or at all. Wood, plastic, rubber are good insulators. Wood, plastic, rubber are good insulators.
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Resistors Resistors slow down electrons. When an electron is slowed down, it heats up. Resistors slow down electrons. When an electron is slowed down, it heats up. Nichrome wire, steel wool, and carbon filament are all examples of resistors. Nichrome wire, steel wool, and carbon filament are all examples of resistors.
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Energy or Electrical Usage Electricity is measured in your home. The electrical company will keep track of how much energy your homes uses. Electricity is measured in your home. The electrical company will keep track of how much energy your homes uses. They measure electrical usage in Kilowatts per hour. A watt is a unit of measurement for electricity. 1000 watts is equal 1 kw(kilowatt. They measure electrical usage in Kilowatts per hour. A watt is a unit of measurement for electricity. 1000 watts is equal 1 kw(kilowatt.
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Wattage Different devices have different wattages. The amount of wattage or how much energy is requires, is based on what function it performs. BLM# 26 Different devices have different wattages. The amount of wattage or how much energy is requires, is based on what function it performs. BLM# 26 To produce heat, that requires more energy so that device who need more wattage. A clock does not require a lot of energy, so it has a lower wattage. To produce heat, that requires more energy so that device who need more wattage. A clock does not require a lot of energy, so it has a lower wattage.
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Kilowatts (Kw) Electricity comes from different electrical plants. A typical electrical plant produces 6 000 000 kw of electricity each second. Electricity comes from different electrical plants. A typical electrical plant produces 6 000 000 kw of electricity each second. To figure out how much electricity your device uses, we measure that in KwH or Kilowatts per hour. To figure out how much electricity your device uses, we measure that in KwH or Kilowatts per hour.
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Kilowatts per Hour (KwH) A clothes dryer has a wattage of 4800. If we ran that dryer for an hour, the amount of electricity used would be 4800 x 1 hour = 4800. A clothes dryer has a wattage of 4800. If we ran that dryer for an hour, the amount of electricity used would be 4800 x 1 hour = 4800. If we ran it for two hours, it would be: If we ran it for two hours, it would be: 4800 x 2 hours = 9600 watts KwH= 4.8 KwH
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Electrical Meters The electrical company keeps track of how much energy you use with an electrical metre. The electrical company keeps track of how much energy you use with an electrical metre. It is found outside of your house and they read it once a month. It is found outside of your house and they read it once a month. BLM #27, 28, 29 BLM #27, 28, 29
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Daily Energy Consumption Appliances that use a lot of Energy Appliances that use a lot of Energy Most devices that require heat, use more electrical energy. Most devices that require heat, use more electrical energy. –Clothes Dryers, Dishwashers, Toasters, Ovens, Hair Dryer.
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Energy Efficient Manufacturers are trying to produce more energy efficient appliances. People are trying to be more energy efficient and not waste electricity. Manufacturers are trying to produce more energy efficient appliances. People are trying to be more energy efficient and not waste electricity. It is important for use to conserve our electricity. It is important for use to conserve our electricity. BLM#30, 31 BLM#30, 31
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EnerGuide This is an EnerGuide label. It states the energy consumption of a particular appliance. This is an EnerGuide label. It states the energy consumption of a particular appliance. It will state how much energy this appliance uses in a year or month. It will state how much energy this appliance uses in a year or month. BLM #32 BLM #32
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Energuide Use this website to calculate how much it would cost to run an appliance in Alberta. Use this website to calculate how much it would cost to run an appliance in Alberta. http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Equipment/english/ page26.cfm?PrintView=N&Text=N http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Equipment/english/ page26.cfm?PrintView=N&Text=N http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Equipment/english/ page26.cfm?PrintView=N&Text=N http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Equipment/english/ page26.cfm?PrintView=N&Text=N Try a variety of appliances, what do you notice? Try a variety of appliances, what do you notice?
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Energy Conservation Why is important to conserve energy? Why is important to conserve energy? Many ways that are used to produce energy are with non-renewable resources. It is important for us to want to conserve our non-renewable resources. We want future generations to have what we have today. If we run out of oil, their will be no more and we will not be able to use our cars, machines, etc. Many ways that are used to produce energy are with non-renewable resources. It is important for us to want to conserve our non-renewable resources. We want future generations to have what we have today. If we run out of oil, their will be no more and we will not be able to use our cars, machines, etc.
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