3.  Fiction- Story from an author’s imagination.  May be based on real-life events  Or totally made up Opposite of Nonfiction- true stories

4. Genres: -types of writing within fiction  Stories  Novels  Poetry  Drama Just to name a few

5. These five elements work together to tell the story:  Setting  Plot  Character  Theme  Point of View

6.  Where and when the story takes place  Be as specific as possible! Examples:  Bloomsburg, 1975  An apartment at dinnertime.

7.  The story’s action  What happens in the story  Also includes the story’s conflict (problem)

8.  The position of the narrator in relation to the story  The perspective from which the story is told (1 st person, 3 rd person)

9.  People, animals or other figures in the story who perform the action

10. The author’s main message or the overall meaning of the story.  Stories can (and usually do!) have more than one theme.  They are the Central Ideas that run throughout the story

12.  The story’s action  What happens in the story Five parts: Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution The beginning of the story. Introduces the characters, setting and main conflict of the story. The conflict is growing. This part is full of suspense and action and the plot moves forward. The most exciting point of the story aka- “the turning point. ” Something changes in the story to allow the conflict to eventually be resolved.

13.  The story’s action  What happens in the story Five parts: Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution The events are winding down. The conflict is on its way to being solved. All loose ends are tied up. The conflict is completely solved and the story is ending.

14.  The problem in the story  Motivates the plot and moves the story forward.  Usually appears in the exposition  Reaches its highest “boiling point” at the climax  Is resolved during the resolution

15. 2 types:  Internal  External

16.  Internal:  Goes on inside a character’s head  Usually involves a decision  Written as “Man vs. Self”

17.  External- outside of a character 3 types: Man vs. Man- two or more characters opposed Man vs. Nature- character is against forces of nature (ex: survival stories) Man vs. Society- character is against rules of the civilization/society (ex: rags to riches story)

18. People or other things who perform the action of a story. 2 types: Dynamic- the character changes or grows over the course of the story Static- the character stays the same from beginning to end with little growth.

19. how an author informs the reader about the character’s attitudes, beliefs, appearance and personalities

20. Methods of Characterization: Direct 1. Direct statement- the author tells the reader through a narrator. (Dylan was always optimistic.)

21. Indirect 2. Character’s Words and Actions- the author gives the reader clues based on what the character says and does in the story (Throughout the whole story Dylan always finds the positive in every situation.) 3. Other character’s words and actions- the author gives the reader clues in what other characters say and do and how they react to the character. (Nick found Dylan to be very annoying because he always found the positive in every situation.)

22.  The perspective from which the story is told

23.  1 st person-  Pronouns like “I, me, my”  The narrator is involved in the story as a character When I woke up this morning, I knew I was late. I came downstairs just in time to see the bus fly past. The only thought I had was, “Oh man! Mom is going to kill me for sure!” as I dialed her work number.

24.  3 rd person limited  Narrator not a character/involved in story  Has perspective of only one character, not all When Rachel woke up this morning, she knew immediately that she was late. She walked downstairs to see the bus speed past the house. The only thought she has as she dialed the telephone was “Oh man, Mom is going to kill me for sure!” Her mother answered and Rachel heard her yelling through the phone.

25.  3 rd person omniscient  Narrator is not a character/involved in story  All knowing, thoughts and feelings of all characters When Rachel woke up, she knew she was late. She walked downstairs just in time to see the bus fly past the house. All she could think was “Mom will kill me for sure!” When Mrs. Massey saw her caller ID light up at her desk, she knew her daughter had missed her bus. She answered the phone with a yell.

26. Jason really wanted to go to the homecoming dance with Kasey, but he was so afraid to ask. One day in Math class, Jason decided to go for it. He worked up his courage and asked Kasey if she would be his date. She smiled and replied, “Sure!” Jason was so surprised he almost fainted. 3 rd person limited

27. Mr. Brady has hoped this day would never come. Today is the day his daughter gets a driver’s permit. Amy still seemed like his little girl, he couldn’t believe she be behind the wheel in a matter of hours. Amy suddenly came running from her bedroom, keys in hand, smiling wide. She had never been this excited about anything before. 3 rd person omniscient

28. For months I have been envying my friends with Xbox 360’s. Today I came to the local movie theater to apply for a job so I can save up for one myself. I can’t believe how nervous I am about my first interview. Finally, a short gentleman with dark hair rounds the corner and shakes my hand with a big smile. He starts asking me a long list of questions, but after a few, the butterflies go away. Applying for a job isn’t so bad! 1 st person