1. Reformation Luther Starts the Reformation (48-52)
The Reformation Continues (53-56)

2. Luther Starts the Reformation
Main Idea: Martin Luther’s protest over the abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of the Protestant churches.
Why it matters now?
Nearly ¼ of all Christians today are Protestant.
Sample student project -

3. Causes of the Reformation and Luther’s Involvement
Modern World History – pages

4. Causes of the Reformation
The Renaissance encouraged people to seek their individual potential and achievements
The Italian Renaissance focused on secular ideas and Classical (Greco-Roman) examples
The Northern Renaissance sought to improve their societies through techniques used in humanism.

5. Causes of the Reformation
Problems in the Catholic Church (p. 48)
Corrupt leaders (popes) who spent too much money on luxuries and not enough money on the poor.
Popes who were too involved in worldly politics and family affairs
Poorly educated priests who could not teach the people

6. Early Calls to Reform (p. 48)
French: Desiderus Erasmus
Italian: Girolamo Savonrola
HRE: John Huss & Ulrich Zwingli
England: Thomas More
John Wycliff
All authority comes from the Bible
Read the Bible in the vernacular
Pope should have spiritual power not worldly power
Early Reformers
Common Disagreements

7. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: Some of the priests in the Catholic Church were selling indulgences (a pardon).
Cause: Johann Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. Martin Luther disagreed with this practice
Effect: Martin Luther wrote a letter of disagreement (a theses) and posted in on the Wittenberg church door.

8. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: In 1517, Luther posts his 95 theses on the church door in Wittenburg. (p. 49)
Cause: Luther wanted to get a discussion going
Effect: Someone copied the 95 theses and passed it out to everyone.

9. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: In 1520, Pope Leo X excommunicated Martin Luther, unless Luther recanted.(p. 49)
Cause: The pope saw Luther as a threat to the papacy or the beliefs of the Catholic church.
Effect: Leo X told Luther to take back his statements; Luther refused. So Leo X cut Luther out of the church (excommunicated)

10. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: In 1521, Emperor Charles V called Martin Luther to Worms to stand trial. (p )
Cause: Charles was a devote Catholic and was trying to support his church.
Effect: Charles made the Edict of Worms: Luther was an outlaw

11. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: In , Prince Frederick provided a safe house for Luther where he could translate the Bible into German (p. 50)
Cause: Frederick was using Luther’s cause to free himself from the Catholic Church.
Effect: Luther quit trying to reform the Catholic church and founded his own Lutheran church.

12. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: The German peasants revolt in (p. 50)
Cause: Peasants thought they could experience political freedom as well.
Effect:Luther sided with the princes, who crushed the revolt; the peasants rejected Lutheranism.

13. Luther Challenges the Church
Event: By 1529, German princes fought for the Lutheran and the Catholic churches; this war ended in 1555 when the Peace of Augsburg was signed (p. 50)
Cause: Some princes were true converts to the Lutheran cause; some princes want church lands and control taken from Charles V.
Effect: The religion of each German state was to be decided by the prince of that state.

14. English Reformation King VIII of England Elizabeth I of England
Anglican Church

15. Henry VIII Cause: Henry VIII needed a male heir
Effect: Henry VIII had six wives:
Catherine of Aragon
Anne of Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
Henry’s break from the Catholic Church

16. The Reformation Parliament
Event: The English Parliament approves the Act of Supremacy in 1534 (p. 51)
Cause: Henry wanted a divorce and could not obtain one from the Catholic Church. He asked Parliament to separate England from the Catholic Church.
Effect: Parliament made the King the head of the Church.

17. Rule of Edward VI
Event: In 1547, Edward VI, who became king at age nine, ruled for six years. (p. 52)
Cause: When Henry died,Edward became king.
Effect: Edward was sickly and died early.

18. Rule of Mary
Event: In 1553, Mary I, a Catholic, became queen after Edward’s death. (p. 52)
Cause:Mary returned England to the Catholic Church.
Effect: Mary killed many people, earning the name “Bloody Mary”.

19. Rule of Elizabeth I
Event: In 1558, Elizabeth I, who was Protestant like her mother, became the queen of England. (p. 52)
Cause: Elizabeth sets up the Church of England, again.
Effect: Everyone has to attend church or pay a fine. Church of England was the only legal church.

20. Parliament and the Anglican Church
Event: In 1559, England’s parliament established the official Anglican church. (p. 52)
Cause: Elizabeth tried to unite Catholics and Protestants under one church.
Effect:
For the Protestants, she said priests could marry, sermons were in English.
For Catholics, she made a Common Book of Prayers. The priests both were adorned in robes, had gold chalices, etc.

21. The Spanish Armada King Phillip II of Spain attacked England (p. 52)
Reason: Elizabeth aided Protestant under his control.
How: Sent a huge force: 130 ships, 8,000 sailors, and 19,000 soldiers
Result: Combination of weather and the English navy defeated the armada

22. Sample Videos English Reformation – student slide show
Turning Points in History – summary
Martin Luther rap
Martin Luther – student rap project

23. The Reformation Continues
Modern World History (53-56)
Calvin begins Another Church
Other Reformers
The Catholic Reformation

24. The Reformation Continues
Main Idea: John Calvin and other Reformation leaders began new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church also made reforms.
Why it matters now?
Many Protestant churches began during this period, and many Catholic schools are the result of Catholic reforms.

25. The Reformation Continues
Terms and Names
Predestination
Calvinism
Theocracy
Presbyterian
Anabaptist
Catholic Reform
Jesuits
Council of Trent

26. Class Assignment
Summarize the important information from the section that you are given to present to the class.
John Calvin’s Teaching (p. 53)
Calvin Runs Geneva, Switzerland (p. 53)
Calvinism Spreads (p. 53)
Anabaptists (p. 54)
Ignatius of Loyola & Jesuits (p )
Reforming Popes (p. 56)
Create and perform a skit that helps students remember the key ideas highlighted on your cards.

27. Christian Church spilts
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox
Lutheran
Anglican
Presbyterian

28. Protestant Churches Divide
Calvinism
Presbyterian
Huguenots
Anabaptist
Baptists
Puritans
Mennennite
Amish
Quakers & Shakers

29. Religions in Europe, 1560
Read the map on page 54 and answer the following questions.
Which countries of Europe were mainly Protestant and which ones remained mostly Catholic?
What two other religious existed at the time?
Judging from the way the religions were distributed, where would you expect to religious conflicts to occur?

30. Religions in Europe, 1560 Question 1:
Catholic Countries: Portugal, Spain, France, Netherlands, Italian states, Ireland, & Swiss Confederation
Protestant Countries:
Lutheran: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, (some) German states
Anglican: England; Calvinist: Scotland
Mixed Countries: Poland, Austria, Hungary

31. Religions in Europe, 1560 Question 2: Mostly one color w/ a little:
Muslim – eastern Africa & Turkey
Eastern Orthodox – Ottoman Empire (Greece and Russia)
Mostly one color w/ a little:
Swiss Confederation (Catholic/Calvinist)
Ireland (Catholic/Anglican)
Germany (Lutheran/Catholic)

32. John Calvin’s Teachings
Calvinism
People are sinful by nature
We are dunghill covered in snow
We have salvation through faith alone
Predestination (chosen ahead) for the Elected
Nonbelievers were punished (burned at the stake)

33. Calvin Runs Geneva Theocracy – rule of society by religious leaders
Strict moral rules – no cards, dancing, bright colors
Switzerland, Europe

34. Calvinism Spreads John Knox Huguenots (France)
Presbyterianism (Scotland)
Mary Queen of Scots was Catholic
Huguenots (France)
Huguenots are Protestants
Violence with Catholics
12,000 Huguenots on St. Barthlomew’s Day (1572)

35. Anabaptists “Baptize again” Adult not infant baptism
Separation of church and state
Refusal to fight in wars
Mennonites, Amish, Quakers, and Baptists

36. Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola The Jesuits
Daily devotions to Jesus and daily mass (church services)
Founder of the Society of Jesus
The Jesuits
Founded schools in Europe
Converted non-Christians to Catholicism
Stopped the spread of Protestantism in Poland and Southern Germany.

37. Reforming Popes Paul III Council of Trent Paul IV
Reform Council of Cardinals
Approved of the Jesuits
Approved Inquisition
Council of Trent
Church Interpretation of Bible
Salvation by faith and good works
Bible and tradition equal for Christian life
Indulgences valid expression of faith but not to sell
Paul IV
Burned heretical books