1. Activities chapters 16, 17 & 20

2. Thymine = Adenine Adenine = Thymine Cytosine ≡ Guanine Guanine ≡ Cytosine

3. Fill in the bases of the mRNA that is been made Where in the cell is this going on? Cytoplasm/ribosome What is the name of the enzyme that helps this process take place? RNA polymerase UCCU U A U

4. Where in the cell do each of these 2 procedures occur? Transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm Which way does the DNA reading go? 5’ to 3’ Transcription Translation

5. Name the process observed in this drawing. Translation/protein synthesis Amino acid tRNA Protein mRNA Ribosome

6. Name the section of mRNA encased in the yellow box codon What is the name of the tip of the tRNA opposite to the yellow box? anticodon What is the name of the site marked X? E site (exit) What is the order of the sites used when forming a protein? A, P, E What way does the ribosome travel through the mRNA when reading it? 3’ to 5’ X 5' 3' A site P site

7. Name the type of mutation point mutation (silent) Did it cause a major problem? No Why or why not? Because the product is still the same.

8. Compared to the mutation you just saw in the last slide, is this a critical mutation? If so why? Yes, because it stops the reading of the mRNA when it should not. What is the name of this type of mutation nonsense What other types of mutation exist that may cause drastic problems to the cell? Missense

9. Name all the procedures (colored bars), locations in the cell where these occur, and the chemicals involved in each one of them (pointed with a green arrow). What is the name of the sections of the pre-mRNA pointed with the yellow arrows? Amino acid tRNA Ribosome section Sections of ribosome mRNA anticodon E site A site protein intron Pre-mRNA RNA polymerase exon DNA tRNA with a.a.

10. what is an intron section of mRNA not needed to make the polypeptide and an exon? section of mRNA with information about needed polypeptide what is a restriction enzyme? Enzyme found in bacteria that destroy DNA which is the difference between sticky and blunt DNA? Sticky has one strand longer that the other, blunt has both the same size. what is a complementary DNA? The strand built according to the already present strand of DNA or mRNA used as a template. what is a recombinant DNA? That obtained from combining DNA from different sources to obtain one single product. What is a plasmid? Small circular DNA, used to manipulate genes in the laboratory

11. This is paternal test done on the DNA of 4 individuals. A is the mother, B is the child. How many pieces of DNA does the child have in common with the mother? 4 Who is the father, C or D? D, notice the DNA section not common with the mother have to be common with the father. What is the name of this technique? Gel electrophoresis What is used to cut the DNA in different pieces? Restriction enzymes A B C D