1. Climates of the Earth
Climates of the World

2. Earth-Sun Relationships

3. A) Climate vs. Weather
Climate is the weather pattern in one place over a long period of time
Weather is the current atmospheric conditions, including temperature, rainfall, wind, and humidity at a given place

4. B) Earth’s Tilt & Rotation
Tilt affects the temperature of places.
Earth makes one rotation on its axis to cause day & night.
Earth takes 365 ¼ days to revolve around the sun.
B) Earth’s Tilt & Rotation

5. C) The Seasons Earth’s revolution & the tilt create seasons March 21st
Sun’s rays fall directly on equator
Equinox (equal night)
Tropic of Capricorn – 23 ½o S
December 22nd – Winter Solstice
Shortest day of sunlight in northern hemisphere
Tropic of Cancer – 23 ½o N
June 21st – Summer Solstice
Earth moves so sun falls on this latitude.
Longest day of sunlight in northern hemisphere

8. Let's see this process in action!
Add notes to your diagram as well as the space around it.

9. D) The Greenhouse Effect
Earth’s atmosphere acts as a like in a greenhouse- it traps sun’s energy.
Greenhouse Effect
Atmosphere provides just the right amount of insulation to promote life.
Sun’s radiation turns into heat.
Global warming
Some scientists believe there is a rise in CO 2 levels (carbon dioxide). More heat is trapped.

10. Why Global Warming? Human activities
Burning of coal, oil, and natural gas
releases CO2
Or is this phenomenon a natural occurrence?

13. E) Factors Affecting Climate

14. LEMPOS!!!

15. Factors Affecting Climate
L :Latitude
rays of sun & how it strikes the earth
low latitudes get sun year-round (hot all year)
Middle latitudes (tropics to poles) are temperate
Great temperature shifts
True seasonal changes
High latitudes (Arctic & Antarctic Circles) – Cold all year

16. Factors Affecting Climate
E: Elevation
atmosphere gets thinner
thinner air retains less heat…not as dense as altitude increases

17. Factors Affecting Climate
M: Mountain Barriers
Orographic effect (Rain shadow)
Winds with moisture cool as they move up the mountain and dry out – windward side
Weather patterns weaken or are even stopped as they move across the mountains – leeward side

18. Factors Affecting Climate
P: Proximity (closeness) to water
Water slower to heat than land, so land near water has consistent temperature
Affected by landforms
Tilt of the Earth on its access also play a part

19. Factors Affecting Climate
O: Ocean currents
Rivers flowing in the ocean - Cold and warm streams of water move through oceans (based on earth’s rotation, differences in water temperature, and change in air pressure).
Warm waters flow away from the Equator toward the poles; cold water back toward the Equator
Wind and ocean currents distribute the sun’s heat through CONVECTION (heat rises…)
Global wind patterns work the same way
Direct influence on precipitation
Prevailing Westerlies 
Trade Winds
Doldrums 
Trade Winds
Prevailing Westerlies 

20. Factors Affecting Climate
S: Storms
El Nino (boy with the warm heart)
Weather pattern
Seasonal rains in the Americas
Drought in Australia/Asia
Every 2-7 years
La Nina (girl with the cold heart)
Reverse of El Nino
Flooding around and toward India
Drier on the coasts
Certain geographical areas receive more storms than others
Hurricane vs. typhoon
Tornado Alley

22. F) Types of Climates: Low Latitude – Tropical
Hot and muggy all year round.
Rain forests – Average annual rainfall varies from about 70 to 100 inches; Average 80o F for high temperatures
Deciduous forests

23. F) Types of Climates: Low to Mid-Latitudes
Little precipitation.
Savanna: broad grassland in the tropics with few trees.
Steppe climate usually borders desert climates.
Desert rainfall is 10 inches (Steppe b/t 10 and 20 inches)
Covers 24% of land

24. F) Types of Climates: Mid-latitude- Mediterranean
Warm to hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.
On the west side of continents (marine west coast)
Between 30 degrees and 45 degrees latitude.
Southern California and near Mediterranean Sea

25. F) Types of Climates: Highland
In mountainous regions.
Humid continental
Varies with elevation.
Evergreen & Deciduous trees grow at base of mountains.

26. F) Types of Climates: High-Latitude to Subarctic
Short, cool summers and long, bitterly cold winters.
Permafrost: permanently frozen lower layers of soil in the tundra and subarctic regions
Needle-leaved evergreen trees (coniferous forests)
Most precipitation falls in the summer.

27. F) Types of Climates: High Latitudes to Icecap
Coldest on earth.
Summer temperatures rarely rise above the freezing point.
Supports no vegetation.
Precipitation is meager and is almost always in the form of snow.