1. Greek and Roman Governments Unit 1, SSWH 3 a and b

2. Greek Polis Polis: Greek city-state fundamental political unit City-state: city & country around them Acropolis: citizens gathered to discuss govt issues Social status determines participation in govt

3. Greek Govt Different types of govt Athenian govt (most famous): direct democracy Democracy: a govt where the citizens control it Greece and democracy ended because of constant military defeat (invasions)

4. Roman Govt Republic: govt in which power rests with citizens who have the right vote (representatives) Voting Rights: Land owning male citizens 12 Tables: written law code: all free citizens (males) were protected by the law

5. Greek Philosophers Socrates: Believed that absolute standards did exist for truth & justice Wanted people to think about their values & actions

6. Plato: Student of Socrates Believed in a perfectly governed society

7. Aristotle: Student of Plato Questioned the natural world, human belief, thought, & knowledge Developed: rules of logic (scientific method) Teacher of Alexander the Great

8. Political Leaders Alexander the Great: Student of Aristotle: taught him all about Greece Conquered a large empire Established several Hellenistic (blended) societies Encouraged learning

9. Julius Caesar: 1 st Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, & Caesar) Triumvirate declined: Caesar & Pompey went to war Dictator of Rome Assassinated by Senators: Caesar had to much power

10. Augustus Caesar (Octavian): August means “exalted one” Avenged Julius Caesar’s death 2 nd Triumvirate (Lepidus, Mark Antony, Octavian) Most able ruler: stabilized the republic, beautified the city, enduring govt Pax Romana: peace & prosperity – 207 yrs.