1. Democracy and Reform September 26, 2014 Bell Work: Source Reading 14 “American Mosaic” Read the Article and answer the questions on the back. Turn in when finished!

2. Democracy and Reform Chapter Focus (2) Chapter Focus The next slide is a photograph of Emmeline Pankhurst, along with her two daughters. These women led the suffrage movement in Great Britain. Chapter Focus Transparency

3. Democracy and Reform Chapter Focus Transparency 14 Chapter Focus (3)

4. Democracy and Reform British gov’t moved toward democracy through evolution rather than revolution. 1800s-G.B. limited constitutional monarchy. British people in theory represented by House of Commons. British gov’t not a true democracy in early 1800s.

5. Democracy and Reform Political power remained with the landed aristocracy, while middle and working class had no voting rights

6. Democracy and Reform Section 1-3 Section 1 Lecture Notes 3 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Whigs, introduced bills to give voting rights to more people. Apportion-divide or share, electoral districts more fairly. Electoral Reforms In the early 1800s rural districts well represented in the House of Commons Growing industrial areas-little representation. 

7. Democracy and Reform Section 1-4 Section 1 Lecture Notes 4 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Electoral Reforms (cont.) The Whigs’ repeatedly defeated by the Tory Party. Tory party opposed Whigs bills. In 1830-Whigs came to Political power. 

8. Democracy and Reform Section 1-5 Section 1 Lecture Notes 5 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The proportion of voters increased from 1 in 100 to 1 in 32 men.  The act also took representation rights away from areas that had declined in population, shifting representation to the heavily populated cities. The Reform Act of 1832 The Reform Act of 1832 lowered the property qualifications for voting and gave more middle-class males the right to vote. 

9. Democracy and Reform Section 1-6 Section 1 Lecture Notes 6 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chartists, an important reform group of the working class, proposed political changes in a document called A People’s Charter. Reform Movements The Reform Act frustrated the industrial and farm workers. Disenfranchised-deprived of the right to vote.

10. Democracy and Reform Section 1-7 Section 1 Lecture Notes 7 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Reform Movements (cont.) The Chartists’ demands included voting rights for all adult men With no property qualifications A secret ballot Salaries for members of Parliament/middle and lower classes to take seats and equal electoral districts.

11. Democracy and Reform Reform Movements cont… Chartists submitted two petitions to parliament. Both rejected Millions of signatures

12. Democracy and Reform Section 1-8 Section 1 Lecture Notes 8 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. After the defeat, the Chartists had little success and their movements faded by 1850s. Parliament eventually pass many reforms that Chartists wanted.  Reform Movements (cont.)

13. Democracy and Reform Reform Movements cont… Anti-Corn Law League-aimed to repeal the Corn Law. Since 1815-severely limited and taxed importation of foreign grain. Middle-class industrialists fight the Corn Law. Forced to pay higher wages to enable them to buy bread.

14. Democracy and Reform Section 1-10 Section 1 Lecture Notes 10 of 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Before 1800 both parties–the Tories and the Whigs–represented wealthy landowners. Political Parties One result of electoral reform-More organization of political parties in Great Britain. 

15. Democracy and Reform Political Parties Cont.. After 1832-Tory and Whig parties began to change. Modern Conservative and Liberal parties. Conservative party –Aristocracy and members of the old Tory Party. The industrial, commercial, and members of the old Whig party supported the Liberal party.

16. Democracy and Reform Political Leadership Era of political reform Queen Victoria-throne 1837, age 18 and reigned 64 years. Two prime ministers-Williams Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli-served during Victoria’s reign. Both men offered leadership for emerging Liberal and Conservative parties.

17. Democracy and Reform Queen Victoria-From Monarchy to Democracy

18. Democracy and Reform William Gladstone William Gladstone/Liberal party Served four times as prime minister/1868 and 1894. 1 st term-1868-1874/the Great Ministry. Many social reforms: –The Education Act of 1870-divided country into local school districts. –Ballot Act of 1872-est. secret ballot. –Redistribution Act of 1885-divided Britain into electoral districts equal in population.

19. Democracy and Reform Benjamin Disraeli Benjamin Disraeli-Conservative party Served two terms as prime minister 1 st term briefly in 1868 2 nd term-1874-1880. Believed conservative party could save aristocratic traditions while adopting democratic reforms.

20. Democracy and Reform Benjamin Disraeli cont… 1867-Disraeli introduced Conservative-backed reform bill. –Extended vote to all male homeowners and most men who rented property. Bill added many working class voters, increasing the electorate by about 1 mil men.

21. Democracy and Reform Growth of Democracy British gov’t changed in the last quarter of the 1800s. Political influence increased of –Working class –Women –Irish Catholics

22. Democracy and Reform Rise of Labor 1884-middle class intellectuals formed Fabian Society-an organization promoting a Socialist gov’t. Fabians-favored parliamentary action over strikes and demonstrations.

23. Democracy and Reform Rise of Labor cont… 1900-trade unionists and Socialists laid foundation for a new political party. -The Labor party-represented the working class Between 1906-1914 new legislation backed by Labor party provided: -old-age pensions -minimum wage -unemployment assistance -health and unemployment insurance

24. Democracy and Reform Riots in Hyde Park, London An 1865 meeting of Reform League in London dissolved into rioting. Riots such as these helped bring about Second Reform Bill in 1867.

25. Democracy and Reform A Constitutional Crisis Liberal gov’t called for higher taxes in 1909 Upset the largely Conservative (wealthy) House of Lords. Ended in victory for the House of Commons. 1911 Parliament Act-narrowed the powers of the House of Lords by removing money bills from their control.

26. Democracy and Reform Women Demand Greater Rights British middle class women speak out for political and social equality in mid 1800s. Married Women’s Property Acts od 1870 and 1882 1869 women gained right to vote in local elections. Not on a national level.

27. Democracy and Reform Women’s rights activists fought to win property rights for married women.

28. Democracy and Reform Women Demand Greater Rights cont… 1903-Emmeline Pankhurst and two daughters founded the Women’s Social and Political Union. Suffragettes-lead voting rights campaign 1918-Parliament grants women over 30 the right to vote. 10 years later-gave right to vote to all women over the age of 21.

29. Democracy and Reform Women fight for voting rights Forced feeding of English Suffragist, 1912

30. Democracy and Reform Ireland 1800s-Irish Catholics seek greater participation in gov’t. Largely under Protestant minority control. 1801-Parliament passed the Act of Union, joining Ireland and Great Britain.

31. Democracy and Reform Ireland cont… Act of Union entitled Ireland to representation in Parliament. 1829-Catholics in British Isles win the right ot vote and hold office. Irish hatred of British rule-potato famine known as the “Great Hunger” hit the country in the 1840s. In 4 yrs-1 mil Irish die of starvation and disease. Millions more emigrate to the U.S., Canada, and Australia.

32. Democracy and Reform “Tumbled Houses and Eviction” Unable to grow potatoes to sell or eat, thousands of penniless tenants were evicted from their homes by landlords who needed the rent to pay their taxes. The roofs of the peasants’ homes were “tumbled,” or removed, to prevent the tenants from returning.

33. Democracy and Reform Human Suffering One official told of entering what he thought was a deserted village. In one home, he saw “six famished and ghastly skeletons, to all appearances dead…” huddled in a corner on some filthy straw. “ I approached with horror and found by a low moaning they were alive-they were in a fever, four children, a woman, and what had once been a man…”

34. Democracy and Reform Ireland cont… Charles Stewart Parnell-led Irish nationalists who sought home rule-self-gov’t. 1914-Parliament passes a home rule bill. Never went into effect. Irish Protestants threatened to fight British troops if Parliament enforced it.

35. Democracy and Reform Anti-British feelings: Had to pay taxes to the Anglican Church Irish people wanted to rule themselves Peasants were forced to export the grain they grew in order to pay their rents Government was slow in in sending aid during the famine.