1. Kagan Ch. 22 1 Benjamin Disraeli William Gladstone

2.  Lord Palmerston dies 1865 – was Whig Prime Minister Imperialism: India mutiny / China / US Civil War  Continued Reform 1865-1885 (Disraeli vs. Gladstone)  Gladstone (Liberal): Irish Home Rule, free trade, democratic principles  Disraeli (Conservative): Aggressive foreign policy, expansion, vs. democratic reform  Disraeli - Reform Bill of 1867 (like 1832) Seats in House of Commons redistributed – better representation Extension of the right to vote to many urban workers (sig: liberals win although bill is proposed by a conservative!) 2

3.  1868-74 Gladstone’s Liberals – towards democracy  Civil Services Reform 1870 – competitive exam for govt. offices  Education Act 1870 – gov’t. aid to schools  University Act 1870 – reduced Anglican seats  1871 abolition of purchase military officers’ commissions  Ballot Act 1872 – secret ballot allowed  Gladstone: 1881-1885, 1886, 1892-1894  3 rd Reform Bill = Representation of the People Act – 1884 Voting rights to farm workers 3

4.  1874-1880 Benjamin Disraeli  Promotes a program called Tory Democracy Designed to win increased popular support for the Conservatives  1875, Public Health Act: standards for sanitation  1875, Artisan Dwelling Act: public housing for workers  Grants protection to trade unions, sanctions picketing  1875, Food and Drug Act: regulates sale 4

5.  The Irish Question  Act of Union 1801 united Ireland w/GB  Irish Catholics demanded home rule  Gladstone 1869 Irish Catholics no longer pay taxes to Church of Ireland 1870 Land Act, compensation and loans for Irish tenant farmers  Charles Stewart Parnell organized Irish political bloc w/in Parliament Gladstone proposed home rule in 1886 and 1893 (both times he was defeated)  1903 Conservatives pass 3 rd land act giving tenant farmers real ownership of land  1914, Liberals succeeded in getting Irish home rule through Parliament suspended b/c of WWI  Civil War loomed!!!  Reform efforts did not shape foreign policy!  SIG: Reform = at home – not beyond England!!! 5