4. Key Word The Pope – The head of the Catholic Church.

5. L.O. To be able to explain why Christianity and Islam clashed. By the end of this lesson... ALL OF US will be able to describe the key reason why the two faiths clashed. (4B-4A) EVEN BETTER IF you can explain the reason why Christianity and Islam clashed. (5C-5B) EXCELLENT IF you can give reasons why two different sources have different interpretations. (5A-6C). CHALLENGE!!! CAN YOU EVALUATE REASONS WHY DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS EXIST? (6B-6A)

6. This source tells us more… From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible tale has come forward and very frequently has been brought to our ears: namely, that a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race utterly alienated from God, a generation, forsooth, which has neither directed its heart nor given its spirit to God, has invaded the lands of those Christians and has destroyed them by sword, and fire.... Source A, Adapted from a speech by Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095 Together, we are going to highlight/underline this source, and write notes on it so that we can understand the message of it.

7. 1.Who wrote this source, and when? 2.Why might the date of this source be important? 3.Where did Pope Urban II say the problems were? 4.What did the Pope call the Muslims? 5.What did the Pope say the Muslims had done? 6.Why do you think this speech would have made Christians angry, and want to fight the Muslims? 1.Who wrote this source, and when? 2.Why might the date of this source be important? 3.Where did Pope Urban II say the problems were? 4.What did the Pope call the Muslims? 5.What did the Pope say the Muslims had done? 6.Why do you think this speech would have made Christians angry, and want to fight the Muslims? From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible tale has come forward and very frequently has been brought to our ears: namely, that a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race utterly alienated from God, a generation, forsooth, which has neither directed its heart nor given its spirit to God, has invaded the lands of those Christians and has destroyed them by sword, and fire.... Source A, Adapted from a speech by Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095 10 minutes

8. Thought… This is Karen Armstrong, who has studied the period we are looking at. Why might her views be useful in answering today’s learning objective?

9. What do modern historians think? The Crusades, were not sensibly thought out fights that could be explained by money or land ambitions or by the clash of differences. They were caused by rumours about each other that were very effective in getting people to act. The medieval holy wars could not be solved by rational discussion. The arguments were part of the identity of Christians and Muslims and were important to both. Source B, Karen Armstrong, Holy War, 1988. Together, we are going to highlight/underline this source, and write notes on it so that we can understand the message of it.

10. 1.Who wrote this source, and when? 2.Why might the date of this source be important? 3.What does Karen think caused the clashes? 4.Why do you think it was difficult to solve the arguments between the Christians and the Muslims? 1.Who wrote this source, and when? 2.Why might the date of this source be important? 3.What does Karen think caused the clashes? 4.Why do you think it was difficult to solve the arguments between the Christians and the Muslims? The Crusades, were not sensibly thought out fights that could be explained by money or land ambitions or by the clash of differences. They were caused by rumours about each other that were very effective in getting people to act. The medieval holy wars could not be solved by rational discussion. The arguments were part of the identity of Christians and Muslims and were important to both. Source B, Karen Armstrong, Holy War, 1988. 10 minutes

11. Why do Sources A and B have different views on the causes of the crusades? Source A was written by Pope Urban II, which may affect it’s view on the crusades because... Whereas source B was written by an historian which will affect it’s view because... Source A was written in 1095, this will affect its view because... Source B was written in 1988, which will affect it’s view because... In my opinion the main reason they have different views is... Because... Source A was written in 1095, this will affect its view because... Source B was written in 1988, which will affect it’s view because... In my opinion the main reason they have different views is... Because...

12. Now self assess! LEVELWWWEBISIGNED ALL OF US will be able to describe the key reason why the two faiths clashed. (4B-4A) EVEN BETTER IF you can explain the reason why Christianity and Islam clashed. (5C-5B) EXCELLENT IF you can give reasons why two different sources have different interpretations. (5A-6C). CHALLENGE!!! CAN YOU EVALUATE REASONS WHY DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS EXIST? (6B-6A)

13. Neighbours What three things has your neighbour learnt today? What would your neighbour like to find out more about? What answer to the overall question can your neighbour give?