2. Biology EOC Benchmarks Write the benchmark coding in the upper right hand corner of the first page of your composition book. SC.912.N.1.1 Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science, and do the following: 1. pose questions about the natural world, 2. conduct systematic observations, 3. examine books and other sources of information to see what is already known, 4. review what is known in light of empirical evidence, 5. plan investigations, 6. use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data (this includes the use of measurement in metric and other systems, and also the generation and interpretation of graphical representations of data, including data tables and graphs), 7. pose answers, explanations, or descriptions of events, 8. generate explanations that explicate or describe natural phenomena (inferences), 9. use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these explanations to others, 10. communicate results of scientific investigations, and 11. evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others. Also assesses SC.912.N.1.6 Describes how scientific inferences are drawn from observations and provide examples from the content being studied.

3. Bellringer: Doing Science Directions: Read the following probe and answer the questions in complete sentences.

4.  Students will...  Recognize the processes involved with the scientific method.  Recognize the role of creativity in designing experiments.  Recognize the variables of a scientific experiment.  Be able to interpret data in the form of a table or graph.  Apply their knowledge of the scientific method to design and perform an experiment, and communicate the results.

5.  The systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.  The knowledge the scientists have collected through the use of experimentation

6. Forms of inquiry used to explore life Biology blends two main processes of scientific investigations:  The inquiry-Based approach which is mostly about describing nature.  The hypothesis-Based approach which is mostly about explaining nature by conducting controlled experiments. Most scientific approaches combine these two processes. Scientific Investigations Inquiry-Based (Discovery) Inductive Reasoning- Observations & Inferences Hypothesis-Based (Controlled Experiments) Deductive Reasoning- Cause & Effect

7.  Needs the use of at least one of the main five senses  Sight  Smell  Touch  Hearing  Taste

8.  Leads to a question  And allows us to collect data

10.  Follows an observation  A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience  Uses what you know to figure something out

11. Observation or Inference? There are two dogs.The little dog stole the big dog’s bed.The big dog is in the little bed.The little dog is mad.The big dog is sleeping.The little dog is in a big bed.There are two dog beds.There is a chair by the dog beds.The dogs are not allowed in the chair.The dogs are friends.The big dog is happy. The little dog is gray. The little dog is old.

12. Observation Question Hypothesis

13.  A tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation to some phenomenon or event  Attempts to explain a set of observations  May arise from logical inferences  Must be testable

14.  Variable - A condition in your experiment that is subject to change. A simple experiment has only a single variable.  Independent Variable – The variable that is manipulated.  Dependent Variable – The variable that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

16. WHAT IS WRONG WITH THE FLASHLIGHT? With your partner answer the following questions: 1. What would be a valid observation for this scenario? 2. What is a good problem statement? 3. Are the hypotheses testable? Give an example of a non- testable hypothesis. 4. How is the girl testing one variable at a time? And why? 5. What conclusion can you draw from the experiment?

18. Scientific Method I.) observation II.) hypothesis (forming a question) III.) experiment (with a control group) IV.) results & conclusion