1. The Progressive Era ( 1890 – 1920)

2. Chapter 18: The Progressive Era I.Origins and Objectives of Progressivism (sheet) II.Sources of Progressive Strength A.Urban Middle Class: who, aims B.Farmers: Populists C.Workers: Problems, goals D.Women: Nat’l Consumers League, * Margaret Sanger, Jeanette Rankin E.Muckrakers (terms) F.Socialists: Ballots, not revolution

3. III.Progressivism & Govt Action A.Political 1.Goals : less corruption, more accountability 2.Reforms * City commissioner/ manager plan; initiative; referendum; recall; direct primary; secret ballot 3.Reform Governors: LaFollete & Roosevelt LaFollete: direct primary, business regulation, civil service reforms, worker’s compensation, factory inspections Roosevelt: NYS Tenement Commission

4. III.Progressivism & Govt Action B.Social 1.Who? Progressive architects, engineers, city planners 2.Improve the appearance and sanitation of the city 3.Address poverty, crowding, disease, crime… 4.Improvements: sanitation, street lighting, water system, libraries, museums, public parks (Central Park), playgrounds… 5.Build on private settlement houses and social gospel movement 6.Temperance Movement (amendments)

5. III.Progressivism & Govt Action C.Economic 1.Goals: address labor, promote competition 2.Accomplishments (local level) * Safety & sanitary codes for industries * Workmen’s compensation * Mini wage & max hours * “ Gas & Water Socialism”: publicly owned 3.The Supreme Court Reacts * Lochner v. NY (1905): freedom of contract * Muller v. Oregon ( 1908): limit women: 10 hrs.

6. III.Progressivism and Govt Action D. Child Labor 1.National Child Labor Committee (1904) formed to move public against child labor 2.Pressured the federal govt: Federal Children’s Bureau 3.Bureau: pressured states to set mini wage and max hours for children 4.W/ compulsory education… child labor lessens

7. IV.Roosevelt and the Square Deal Introduction to Roosevelt: Sheet A.Trustbusting * Difference: Good v. Bad Trusts 1.Northern Securities Co v US (1904) … “restraint of trade” 2.Swift & Co v. US (1905) … beef trust 3.Standard Oil Company v. US (1911) “rule of reason”

8. IV.Roosevelt B.Regulating Business 1.Elkins Act ( 1903) & Hepburn Act (1906) 2.Dept of Commerce & Labor (1903) * Bureau of Corporations

9. IV.Roosevelt C.Consumer Protection 1.Meat Inspection Act (1906) : The Jungle 2.Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): FDA

10. IV.Roosevelt D. Labor Conditions 1.Penn. Coal Strike & United Mine Workers (1902) * First time federal govt did not intervene on side of BB * Ex of Square Deal 2.Employers Liability Act (1906): Accident insurance

11. IV.Roosevelt E.Conservation * J. Muir… Sierra Club… (sheet) 1.Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) * Build dams, irrigation in West 2.US Forest Service… Gifford Pinchot * Created to manage nation’s water & timber resources

12. V.William Howard Taft A.Accomplishments (sheet) B.Problems 1.Personality 2.Payne-Aldrich Act (1909): raised the tariff 3.“Ballinger-Pinchot Affair”: firing of Gifford Pinchot 4.Roosevelt: “hat was in the ring”

13. V.Taft C.Election of 1912: 4 Way Race William Howard Taft Republican Nominated b/c he controlled the Republican party machine Teddy Roosevelt Bullmoose/ Progressive Party “New Nationalism” Progressive ideas: business regulation, protect labor, mini wage, women’s suffrage

14. V.Taft & the Election of 1912 Eugene Debs Socialist and labor activist Favored govt control of industry Woodrow Wilson Democrat & Progressive Gov of NJ and Princeton Prez “New Freedom” More aggressive: destroy/prosecute trusts, lower tariff, revise monetary policy Won: TR split the R vote!

15. VI.Wilson & the New Freedom A.Financial Reforms 1.Underwood Tariff (1913) 2.Federal Reserve System (1913) * “Banker’s Bank”… 12 districts… Federal Reserve Notes… controls money in circulation (monetary policy) & interest rates

16. VI.Wilson B.Business Regulation 1.Federal Trade Commission (1914) * “cease and desist” orders… to “kill monopoly in the seed” 2.Clayton Antitrust Act * Prohibited price fixing; legalized unions, strikes, & boycotting; limited use of injunctions 3.Adamson Act: 8 hour day on RR (interstate c) 4.Federal Farm Loan Act: low interest loans

17. VII.Progressive Amendments A.16 th Amendment: Progressive Income Tax B.17 th Amendment: Direct Election of Senators * Before: state legislatures C.18 th Amendment: Prohibition of Liquor * Temperance Movement: outlaw manufacture & sale of alcohol D.19 th Amendment: Women’s Suffrage * 12 states (west) already had; result of women’s reform efforts and WWI.