1. Unit 5 – The Progressive Era (1890 – 1920)
President Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal

2. T.R. - The Modern President
1901 – 43 years old
Harvard Graduate
NY State Legislator
Rancher & Cowboy
Asst. Sec. of Navy
Rough Rider
Governor of NY
Vice President

3. The Square Deal 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike (PA)
Owners and Laborers won a “Square Deal”
Used Presidency to push through his ideals
1904 Re-elected in a landslide over Alton Parker (D) (EC) and 2.5 M popular votes

4. T.R. the “Trust Buster” Created Depts. of Commerce & Labor
Elkins Act 1903 (Fines on RRs) and Hepburn Act 1906 (ICC Police & Price Caps on RRs, pipelines, ferries, tolls)
Sherman Antitrust Act used in 1904 vs. Northern Securities Co.
1905 vs. Beef Trust

5. Regulating Food and Drug Industries
The Jungle (1906) led to the Meat Inspection Act (1906) and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Today the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures consumer safety

6. T.R. The Conservationist
Yellowstone, WY (1872)
Yosemite & Sequoia CA (1890)
John Muir (CA Naturalist)
1905 US Forrest Service (Gifford Pinchot) & closed off 100 Million Acres!
5 National Parks & 51 Bird Sanctuaries
Use it, but Don’t Abuse it!

7. Regulating Water in the S.W.
Mining & Farming in dry S.W. led to conflicts over water rights as private irrigation companies came in & claimed river beds.
National Reclamation Act (1902) – government regulated to build reservoirs to provide water to several states.
Hoover Dam & LA Aqueduct

8. The Taft- Roosevelt Split
William H. Taft ( )
T.R.’s “Handpicked Successor”
Taft (321) vs. Bryan (162)
Busted 90 Trusts!
Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909) & Ballinger (Interior) fired Pinchot (Forestry)
The GOP was split!

9. The Election of 1912 Republican Party Split – Taft vs. T.R.
T.R. joins Progressive Party or Bull Moose Party and campaigns on the New Nationalism – to continue the era of reforms such as women’s right to vote, workplace protection for men & women, an income tax, and 8 hour day.

10. Exit Slip – The Square Deal Match the Effect on the Right with the Cause on the Left.
The Jungle is published
Northern Securities monopolized RR’s in the Northwest
Miners & Farmers argue over water rights
Taft & Roosevelt Split the Republican Party
Newlands Reclamation Act passed
Roosevelt joins the Progressive Party
Meat Inspection Act is passed
Roosevelt earns the nickname the “Trustbuster”

11. Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom
Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913) – lowered import taxes & 16th Amendment – created graduated income tax
Federal Reserve Act (1913) –bank reform
Federal Trade Commission & Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – Monopolies
17th Amendment – Direct Election of Sen.
18th Amendment – Prohibition of alcohol
19th Amendment – Women Got the Vote