1. Progressive Presidents

2. T, ROOSEVELTW. TAFT W. WILSON TRUSTS Northern Securities -sued NS for violating Sherman Antitrust Act -Supreme Court sides against NS U.S. Steel -sues U.S. Steel for trying to buy out Tennessee Coal and Iron -said it violated Sherman Antitrust Act Clayton Antitrust Act -banned price discrimination Federal Trade Commission -monitors big business -issues reports on unfair business practices LABOR Coal Strike of 1902 -miners strike for months -T.R. urges arbitration Union agrees, owners don’t T.R. threatens to call out Army to federalize mines Children’s Bureau -investigated and publicized child labor issues Keating-Owens Act -prohibits employment of children under 14 in factories Adamson Act -8hr workday for RR workers BIG BUSINESS Bureau of Corporations -investigated corporations -reported on activities Hepburn Act Mann-Elkins Act -strengthened regulatory power of ICC -believed monopolies needed to be destroyed not reformed SOCIAL WELFARE Meat Inspection Act -federal inspection and cleanliness standards Pure Food and Drug Act -labels for food Federal Farm Loan Act -long term, low interest rates to farmers TARIFFS Payne-Aldrich Tariff -hardly cut tariffs at all -raised tariff on some goods Underwood Tariff -reduced avg. tariff on imported goods -income tax

3. Roosevelt Extras Conservation –Gifford Pinchot –Newlands Reclamation Act

4. Taft Extras Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy –Gifford Pinchot-head of forestry division Fired by Taft for insubordination –Exposed to public Sec. of Interior Ballinger’s plan to sell public Alaskan land to private interests

5. Wilson Extras Federal Reserve Act –Required banks to keep portion of deposits in regional reserve banks –Board of Governors (appt. by Pres) Set interest rates the reserve banks could charge other banks Helps regulate economy through money circulation