1. Chapter Overview  Discusses the Classical Greek and Roman approaches to structuring persuasive speeches  Explains how to combine classical and contemporary approaches in developing introductions and conclusions for persuasive speeches  Describes the various organizational patterns for persuasive speeches Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CHAPTER FOURTEEN – CRAFTING A PERSUASIVE SPEECH

2.  The Speech Exordium  The exordium/introduction, captures the audience’s attention  Connects the topic to audience interest  Cicero also wrote about the insinuation where the topic is in dispute and a hostile audience may be present  Exordiums must be serious in nature Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech THE STRUCTURE OF CLASSICAL SPEECHES

3.  The speech narrative: The Romans felt that there were three parts of a persuasive speech body  Statement of fact: lets the speaker acquaint the audience with the topic  Argument: the core of the speech. The argument may contain more than one claim  Refutation: Attends to opposing arguments that may appear Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CLASSICAL SPEECHES CONT.

4.  The speech peroration/conclusion  The speaker’s last chance to persuade  Recency means the last message heard is the strongest Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CLASSICAL SPEECHES CONT.

5.  Accomplishes four things  The audience gets a positive view of the speaker, or a negative view of the opponent  Support the argument and/or weaken any opposing positions  Use emotions to sway the audience  Restate the arguments and supporting facts Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech ARISTOTLE AND CONCLUSIONS

6.  Three functions  Summarize the body’s ideas  Cast opposition in a negative light  Rouse emotions in the audience Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CICERO AND CONCLUSIONS

7.  Strategies for Persuasive Introductions  Cicero and Quintilian both said the introduction is produced last  The introduction should be serious  Students need to know the instructor’s expectations Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CONTEMPORARY INTRODUCTION

8.  Have a signpost when leaving the body  Summarize main points  No new evidence is presented  A clincher is necessary  Persuasive appeals are not for the clincher Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CONTEMPORARY CONCLUSIONS

9.  Problem-solution has two main points  Problem-cause-solution has three main points  Comparative Advantage used each main point to argue why the speaker’s ideas are better  Monroe’s Motivated Sequence has five parts  Draw audience attention to the issue  Show a need exists for action  Demonstrate a satisfactory way to fill the need  Visualize what things will be like if the plan in enacted  A call to action Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS FOR PERSUASIVE SPEECHES