1. 2010 Roman history

2. Hannibal & Scipio 1. Hannibal fought 4 Carthage 2. Scipio fought 4 Rome. 3. 2 nd Punic War 4. Hannibal crosses Alpes with elephants 5. Hannibal in Italy for 15 years! 6. Battle of Zama-Scipio wins

4. Gracchi brothers 1. famous mother, Cornelia (famous family), called her sons her jewels 2. extend citizenship to others 3. poor people get LAND! Everyone wants LAND! 4. populares party!! For the plebs and their rights. CHANGE AGENTS!! REFORMERS!!

6. Marius Consul 7 x Populares party (Caesar’s uncle) Enemy was Sulla Proscription list=hit list Changed/reformed the army; made it a professional army by letting in plebs & paying them! 20 years in army now.

8. Sulla Optimates Dictator Marched on Rome with his army; illegal! Enemy was Marius Proscription list =hit list

10. Spartacus: 73-71 BC - slave turned gladiator turned revolt leader Slaves busted out of gladiator school Defeat 5 Roman armies Crassus finally puts the slave revolt down

12. CICERO -optimates Lawyer consul He is #1 public speaker in Roman history! (Caesar is #2) Finds out about Catiline’s plan to overthrow him.

14. Catiline vs. Cicero Catiline a bad boy, corrupt, power hungry -populares Runs in election 2 B consul; loses to Cicero and plans a conspiracy to overthrow Cicero! Cicero finds out and gets rid of Catiline.

16. Roman army 1. organized: legion has 6000 men 2. weapons: gladius (sword) & scutum (shield) 3. tactics: testudo- turtle formation with shields.

18. Pompey vs. pirates -pirates taking ships and cargo, kidnapping people for ransom (incl. Julius Caesar) Pompey given vast powers to rid sea of pirates He does it in 3 months

20. 1st Triumvirate 1. Crassus $$$ 2. Pompey-military 3. J. Caesar- people loved him; charisma 4. Why? Power 5. Pompey married JC’s daughter 5. Crassus dies 1 st ; other 2 fight it out for power.

22. JULIUS CAESAR 100-44 BC -populares party In 1 st Triumvirate Excellent soldier Very popular with Roman people

24. Julius Caesar vs. Gauls Book: The Commentaries about the Gallic Wars Defeats many Gallic tribes Battle of Alesia-final battle

27. J. Caesar’s 3 wives - Cornelia (daughter of powerful populares dude); one daughter Julia -Pompeia -Calpurnia (dream about his death)

29. Caesar vs. Pompey -Caesar crosses Rubicon River after Gallic Wars SENATE says NO! By doing that he was declaring civil war in Rome They fought all over Mediterranean Pompey loses battle & his head

31. Julius Caesar and Cleopatra -she meets him in a rug/carpet She rules Egypt with her brother She wants Caesar to put her in power over the bro Romance on the Nile River Had a son with Caesar (Caesarian)

34. ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR Who was in on the plot? Cassius & Brutus (optimates) IDES OF MARCH [March 15, 44 BC] What? Let’s kill Caesar on way to/from Senate. They do. Wife warned against it! 23 knife wounds. Et tu, Brute! ---Then what? Antony & Octavian go after assassins til they die.

35. WHY kill Caesar? Reasons: Afraid he’d be king Optimates feared his power Hated that he was self appointed dictator for life. He was too ambitious Could not trust him

37. 2 nd Triumvirate Split Rome’s provinces 3 ways: Marc Antony (populares) Octavian (Caesar’s heir); optimates Lepidus (1 st one out); military

38. Cicero vs. Antony Philippics: speeches by Cicero that angered Antony Antony planned to run the whole Roman world. Cicero stood against him & 2 nd Triumvirate. Cicero on Antony’s hit list! Head & hands cut off & hung in Forum.

40. Cleo & Antony -Antony wants her $$ & grain -Cleo is in mad love with him; he is madly in love with Cleo! 11 years! BATTLE OF ACTIUM: Octavian wins Antony & Cleo both commit suicide

42. BATTLE OF ACTIUM Antony/ Cleopatra vs. Octavian 31 BC; coast of Greece Naval battle won by Octavian Cleo-suicide Antony-suicide

43. BATTLE OF ACTIUM-Agrippa

44. LUCRETIUS- poet - De Rerum Natura - reason more important than the gods.

46. VERGIL Wrote the AENEID -epic poetry: Rome is best!! Augustus hired him to write it -influenced Dante (Renaissance writers loved Vergil)

48. HORACE Roman poet who influenced many Renaissance writers Favored by Augustus (gave his estate to Augustus in his will) Dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori Carpe diem!

50. OVID Wrote The Art of Love and The Metamorphoses (myths). Exile to Black Sea town. Why exiled? The book or wild lifestyle with Augustus’ daughter, Julia.

52. PAX ROMANA -200 years of Roman Peace Begun by Augustus -trade expands -some persecution of Xns. Starts with Nero.

53. LIVY: Historian - Ab Urbe Condita (from the foundation of the city): 700+ years of history of Rome 142 books; only about 30 are left Purpose of the book: to glorify Rome!!! - prose Story of the sacred geese