1. III. The Struggle for Equal Rights
Many struggles for minority groups in 1960’s to gain equal rights:
A. Civil rights for African Americans
B. American Indian Movement
C. Equal rights for Hispanic Americans
D. Women’s Liberation Movement

2. C. Struggle for Equal Rights: Hispanics

3. Hispanic Americans/Latinos
1970’s Fastest growing minority group in the U.S. M M M
Account for 1/3 of legal immigration since large numbers of illegals (7-12 M)
Puerto Ricans; Cubans; Mexicans; Central Americans; South Americans

4. Cesar Chavez and Dolores Juarez found United Farm Workers Union in California
organize mostly Mexican agricultural laborers in California and southwest
Promote consumer boycotts of grapes, strikes

5. Hunger Strikes – Chavez & Robert Kennedy
Aligned themselves with the civil rights movements
Appealing to Hispanic identity and pride
Young Hispanics begin referring to themselves as Chicanos & demonstrating for Hispanic studies programs and bilingual education in schools
Hunger Strikes – Chavez & Robert Kennedy

6. Rodolfo Gonzalez of Mexican descent
Boxer; poet; political activist
Founder of Chicano movement
founds Crusade for Justice 1966
Community based civil rights organization
Opens private hispanic school in Colorado

7. I Am Joaquin by Rodolfo Corky Gonzales
Yo soy Joaquín, perdido en un mundo de confusión: I am Joaquín, lost in a world of confusion, caught up in the whirl of a gringo society, confused by the rules, scorned by attitudes, suppressed by manipulation, and destroyed by modern society. My fathers have lost the economic battle and won the struggle of cultural survival. And now! I must choose between the paradox of victory of the spirit, despite physical hunger, or to exist in the grasp of American social neurosis, sterilization of the soul and a full stomach. Yes, I have come a long way to nowhere, unwillingly dragged by that monstrous, technical, industrial giant called Progress and Anglo success.... I look at myself. I watch my brothers. I shed tears of sorrow. I sow seeds of hate. I withdraw to the safety within the circle of life -- MY OWN PEOPLE […]

8. Texas: Latinos launch a political party – advocating separatism
Puerto Ricans in New York establish the Young Lords

9. Mexican Americans who made a difference
Photo Gallery
Video a Class Apart

10. D. Women’s Liberation Movement

11. 2nd wave of Feminism Fought all forms of male dominance
Fought against domestic violence
Women needed protection at the job level
E.g. flight attendants
Demanded Anti-discrimination laws
Equal pay for equal work/job opportunities

12. NOW: National Organization of Women 1966
Gloria Steinem: founded Ms. Magazine 1972
After Black Power, Women’s Liberation
Supported abortion rights

13. Milestones Birth control pill approved by the FDA 1960
million million American women
Betty Friedan: Feminine Mystique bestseller in 1963
Title IX part of the Education Amendments of 1972
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
Prohibited sex discrimination in education
More opportunities for women’s and girls’ athletics
Supreme Court Decision 1973 Roe vs. Wade
Legalization of abortion during 1st trimester

14. Feminist Victories and Defeats
Equal Rights Amendment
Idea had been around for a long time (1920s – Alice Paul)
Congressional Approval in 1972
Amendment did not achieve ratification; fell 3 states shy
Phyllis Schlafly - outspoken critic
“stop taking our privileges”
dependent wife benefits + selective service registration

15. Forms of Protest
Legislation
Bra Burning
Protests/Marches
Strikes

16. Video: Women’s Liberation Movement 1950’s -1970’s 19’24

17. Video BBC Hard Talk – Gloria Steinem 0 – 4’10
How has the struggle for women’s rights changed since the 1960’s/1970’s?

18. Conclusion Equal Rights Movements
In what ways were the various struggles among minority groups in the United States similar and in what ways where they distinct?