1. Adiabatic Logic as Low-Power Design Technique Presented by: Muaayad Al-Mosawy Presented to: Dr. Maitham Shams Mar. 02, 2005

2. M. Al-Mosawy2 Contents Project Objective Motivation for Low-Power Power Consumption in CMOS Circuits Low-Power Design Techniques Adiabatic Logic Adiabatic Charging Principle Adiabatic Recovery Requirements Adiabatic Logic Families Complementary Pass- Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) Time Table References

3. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy3 Project Objective Investigating a type of adiabatic logic called Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Logic (CPERL) Based on this logic, a chain of inverters will be implemented to compare the the power dissipation with a similar chain of conventional inverters 16 bit brent-kung CPERL adder will be designed to verify the target logic

4. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy4 Motivation for Low-Power - 1 Long life batteries operations Complexity increases, energy budget remains same Complex high speed devices: - Thermal problems - Expensive packaging Weight, size and cost reductions Noise immunity

5. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy5 Motivation for Low-Power - 2

6. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy6 Motivation for Low-Power - 3

7. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy7 Power Consumption in CMOS Circuits - 1 Power dissipation in a typical CMOS circuit can be:  Dynamic Power dissipation (Pdyn): - Switching Power (Pswitch) - Short circuit power (Psc)  Static power dissipation (Pstatic): - DC power (Pdc) - Leakage power (Pleakage)

8. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy8 Power Consumption in CMOS Circuits - 2

9. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy9 Low-Power Design Techniques

10. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy10 Adiabatic Logic - 1 Adiabatic means: of, relating to, or being a reversible thermodynamic process that occurs without gain or loss of heat In ideal adiabatic logic, each charge could be recycled (reused) an infinite number of times Practically, this is not possible By adopting a real adiabatic logic, each charge can be recycled for many time so that a significant power dissipation reduction would be possible

11. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy11 Adiabatic Logic - 2 To achieve the charge saving expected from adiabatic logic, one of two power supplies is to be used: - Constant current power supply - Variable voltage supply

12. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy12 Adiabatic Charging Principle Energy can be traded for delay by increasing the charge transport time

13. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy13 Adiabatic Recovery Requirements In general, in order to restore the charge, three principles should be followed by any MOS devices in an adiabatic circuit: - A device can be turn on only while the source- drain voltage is zero - Source-drain voltage can be changed only while the device is off - Any voltage change must be done gradually

14. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy14 Adiabatic Logic Families Partially adiabatic circuits Some energy is recovered  2N2P / 2N-2N2P  CAL (Clocked CMOS Adiabatic Logic)  TSEL (True Single Phase Adiabatic)  SCAL (Source-coupled Adiabatic Logic) Fully adiabatic circuits Dissipate little energy, very slow  PAL (Pass-transistor Adiabatic Logic)  Split-level Charge Recovery Logic (SCRL)

15. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy15 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 1 The figure shows a CPERL inverter All devices are NMOS The gate consists of two parts - Charge/discharge function part (M1 – M6) - Logic function part (M9 – M10) Different logics can be achieved by changing the logic function part with a different logic tree

16. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy16 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 2

17. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy17 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 3 An assumption was made that  1 and IN are in the same phase As  1 ramps up, IN rises also Inbar remains low M9 & M11 turns on BN1 is precharged to (Vdd – Vth) BN2 is still at low voltage

18. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy18 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 4 When  1 ramps down, IN goes down also causing M9 & M11 to turn off As  2 ramps up and due to the gate-to-channel capacitance in M1, BN1 goes higher than Vdd causing M1 to turn on  2 will charge the node OUT in an adiabatic manner to Vdd As  2 ramps down, OUT goes down also The charge stored on OUT is recovered to supplied through the discharge process

19. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy19 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 5 Two stages of CPERL inverters chain are shown and just half of the circuit for the simplicity During period t1, A is assumed high and BN2 is at (Vdd-Vth) During t2,  2 ramps downand the the charge will trapped at BN2 During t3,  2 rises again Assuming that Ais Low and Abar is high, M10 of stage 2will turn on

20. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy20 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 6 M3 of stage 1 will turn on also Current will flow through M10 & M3due to voltage difference This charge sharing will stop when a voltage balance occurs between the nodes M5 is working under diode connection If the voltage difference is still higher than Vth, M5 will turn on until the voltage difference becomes lower than Vth If this difference is already less than Vth, M5 will stay off

21. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy21 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 7 Brent Kung adder has three units: - Propagate and generate unit - Carry parallel prefix unit - The sum unit

22. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy22 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 8

23. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy23 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 9

24. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy24 Complementary Pass-Transistor Energy Recovery Adiabatic Logic (CPERL) - 10

25. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy25 Time Table*

26. Mar. 02, 2005M. Al-Mosawy26 References R. C. Chang, P. C. Hung and I.-H. wang, “Complementary pass-transistor energy recovery logic for low-power applications”, IEEE Proc.-Comput. Digit., Tech., Vol. 149, No. 4, July 2002 Chulwoo Kim, Seung-Moon Yooand Sung-Mo, “Low-power computing with NMOS energy recovery logic”, IEEE, Electronic letters, Vol. 36, No. 16, Aug. 2000 J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan and B. Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits”, Prentic Hall, 2003 M. Khellah, “Low-Power Digital CMOS VLSI Circuits and Design Methodologies”, U. of Waterloo, 1999 V. Kottamasu, “Study and Comparison of a 0.18micron technology 8 bit Brent-Kung adder “, www.iit.edu/~kottven/research.htm